List of Nobel laureates who worked on the Manhattan Project
From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to a total of 965 individuals and 27 organizations as of 2023[update].[1] The following 26 Nobel laureates worked on the Manhattan Project:
Awarded Nobel Prize before working on the Manhattan Project[edit]
| Year | Image | Laureate | Prize | Motivation | Manhattan Project | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1922 |  | Niels Bohr | Physics | "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them" | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][2] |
| 1925 |  | James Franck | Physics | “for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom” | Metallurgical Laboratory | [1][3] |
| 1927 |  | Arthur Compton | Physics | "for his discovery of the effect named after him" | Metallurgical Laboratory | [1][4] |
| 1932 |  | James Chadwick | Physics | "for the discovery of the neutron" | British contribution to the Manhattan Project | [1][5] |
| 1934 |  | Harold Urey | Chemistry | "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen" | SAM Laboratory | [1][6] |
| 1938 | .jpg) | Enrico Fermi | Physics | "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons" | Metallurgical Laboratory, Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][4][7] |
| 1939 |  | Ernest Lawrence | Physics | "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements" | Radiation Laboratory | [1][8] |
Awarded Nobel Prize during the Manhattan Project[edit]
| Year | Image | Laureate | Prize | Motivation | Manhattan Project | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1944 |  | Isidor Isaac Rabi | Physics | "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei" | Consultant | [1][9] |
Awarded Nobel Prize after working on the Manhattan Project[edit]
| Year | Image | Laureate | Prize | Motivation | Manhattan Project | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1951 |  | John Cockcroft | Physics | "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles" | Montreal Laboratory | [1][10] |
| 1951 |  | Edwin M. McMillan | Chemistry | "for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements" | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][11] |
| 1951 |  | Glenn Theodore Seaborg | Chemistry | "for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements" | Metallurgical Laboratory | [1][12] |
| 1952 |  | Felix Bloch | Physics | "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith" | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][13] |
| 1959 |  | Emilio Segrè | Physics | "for their discovery of the antiproton" | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][14] |
| 1960 | Willard F. Libby | Chemistry | "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science" | SAM Laboratories | [1][15] | |
| 1963 |  | Maria Goeppert Mayer | Physics | "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure" | SAM Laboratories, Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][16] |
| 1963 |  | Eugene Wigner | Physics | "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles" | Metallurgical Laboratory | [1][17] |
| 1965 |  | Richard P. Feynman | Physics | "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles" | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][18] |
| 1967 |  | Hans Bethe | Physics | "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars" | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][19] |
| 1968 |  | Luis Alvarez | Physics | "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis" | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][20] |
| 1975 |  | Aage Bohr | Physics | "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][21] |
| 1975 |  | James Rainwater | Physics | "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" | Metallurgical Laboratory | [1][22] |
| 1977 |  | John van Vleck | Physics | "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems" | Consultant | [1][23][24] |
| 1980 |  | Val Fitch | Physics | "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons" | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][25] |
| 1989 | _crop_(cropped).jpg) | Norman F. Ramsey | Physics | "for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks" | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][26] |
| 1995 |  | Frederick Reines | Physics | "for the detection of the neutrino" | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][27] |
| 1995 |  | Joseph Rotblat | Peace | "for efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international affairs and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms." | Los Alamos Laboratory | [1][28] |
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "All Nobel Prizes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ Pais 1991, pp. 498–499.
- ^ Compton 1956, p. 124.
- ^ a b Hewlett & Anderson 1962, pp. 55–56.
- ^ Hewlett & Anderson 1962, pp. 280–282.
- ^ Hewlett & Anderson 1962, pp. 128–129.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 245–246.
- ^ Hiltzik 2015, pp. 268–275.
- ^ Hewlett & Anderson 1962, pp. 231–232.
- ^ Hewlett & Anderson 1962, pp. 257–258, 283–284.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 59–64, 271–273.
- ^ Hewlett & Anderson 1962, pp. 204–205.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 43–49, 134, 141.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 190–195, 234–236.
- ^ Hewlett & Anderson 1962, pp. 99, 122–126.
- ^ Howes & Herzenberg 1999, pp. 40, 47–48.
- ^ Compton 1956, pp. 167–171.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 157–160, 246, 331–332.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 247, 343–345.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 151–1546.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 95, 317.
- ^ "James Rainwater – Biographical". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Compton 1956, p. 46.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 25, 42, 54.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 98, 188.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 383–384.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 359–360, 393.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 98, 347.
References[edit]
- Compton, Arthur (1956). Atomic Quest. New York: Oxford University Press. OCLC 173307.
- Hewlett, Richard G.; Anderson, Oscar E. (1962). The New World, 1939–1946 (PDF). University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-520-07186-7. OCLC 637004643. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
- Hiltzik, Michael (2015). Big Science: Ernest Lawrence and the Invention that Launched the Military-Industrial Complex. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-7575-7. OCLC 900665460.
- Hoddeson, Lillian; Henriksen, Paul W.; Meade, Roger A.; Westfall, Catherine L. (1993). Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44132-3. OCLC 26764320.
- Howes, Ruth H.; Herzenberg, Caroline L. (1999). Their Day in the Sun: Women of the Manhattan Project. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 978-0-585-38881-6. OCLC 49569088.
- Pais, Abraham (1991). Niels Bohr's Times, In Physics, Philosophy and Polity. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-852049-8.
