List of first women lawyers and judges in Asia
From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
This is a list of the first women lawyers and judges in Asia. It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are the first women in their country to achieve a certain distinction such as obtaining a law degree.
| Part of a series on |
| Women in society |
|---|
.svg) |
Afghanistan[edit]
- Hakime Mustemendi and Enise Imam:[1][2] First female prosecutors in Afghanistan (c. 1960s)
- Jameela Farooq Rooshna:[3] First female judge in Afghanistan (1969)
- Kimberley Motley (2008):[4][5] First foreign female lawyer in Afghanistan
- Maria Bashir (1994):[6] First female Prosecutor General in Afghanistan (2009)
- Rehana Popal (2013):[7] First Afghan-born female to practice as a barrister in England and Wales
- Anisa Rasooli:[8][9][10][11] First female to sit on the Supreme Court of Afghanistan (2018)
Armenia[edit]
- Alvina Gyulumyan (b. 1956):[12][13] First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Armenia (1996) and Judge of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Armenia (2003)
- Eva Darbinyan:[14][15] First female appointed as a Judge of the Criminal and Military Appeal Court in Armenia (c. 1999)
- Larisa Alaverdyan:[16] First (female) Human Rights Defender (Ombudsman) of Armenia (2004)
- Elizaveta Danielyan:[17][18] First female to serve as a Judge of the Criminal Chamber of the Court of Cassation of Armenia (2009)
- Melania Arustamyan:[19] First female to serve as the Head of the Public Defender's Office of the RA Chamber of Advocates (2015)
- Ani Mkhitaryan and Ruzanna Hakobyan:[20] First females appointed to the Supreme Judicial Council of Armenia (2018)
- Lilit Tadevosyan:[21] First female to serve as the President of the Court of Cassation of Armenia (2022)
- Anna Vardapetyan:[22] First female to serve as the Prosecutor General of Armenia (2022)
Azerbaijan[edit]
- Bilqeyis Haşımzadə (c. 1940s):[23][24][25] First female lawyer in Azerbaijan
- Ayna Sultanova (1895-1938):[26][27] First female to serve as the Prosecutor General of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1933–1934)
- Sona Salmanova:[28][29][30][31] First female judge in Azerbaijan (upon her becoming a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan in 1998), as well as the first female Deputy Chairman of the Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan (2005)
- Südaba Hasanova (b. 1947) (1971):[32][33] First female appointed as the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of Azerbaijan (2000–2005)
- Saadat Rustamova and Lala Huseynova:[34][35] First female district prosecutors in independent Azerbaijan (2020)
Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh Republic)[edit]
- Narine Narimanyan:[36][37][38][39][40] First female to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Artsakh (2012)
Bahrain[edit]
- Fatima Ibrahim Al-Dalal:[41] First female to earn a law degree in Bahrain (1970)
- Lulwa Al Awadhi and Haya Rashed Al-Khalifa (1979):[42] First female lawyers in Bahrain
- Zahra Ahmed Khalaf:[41] First female lawyer to enter the Board of Directors of the Bahrain Bar Association (1981)
- Sheikha Noura bint Abdullah Al Khalifa and Mona Jasem al-Kawari:[41] First two women appointed as Deputy Attorneys General in Bahrain (2003)
- Amal Ahmed Abul:[41] First female to serve as a public prosecutor in Bahrain (2003)
- Mona Jasem al-Kawari:[43] First female judge in Bahrain (upon her appointment as a Judge of the High Civil Court of Bahrain in 2006)
- Sheikha Noura bint Abdullah Al Khalifa:[44] First female to hold the position of Chief Prosecutor in Bahrain (2007)
- Jamila Ali Salman:[41] First female to serve as the President of the Bahrain Bar Association (2007)
- Amina Issa Abdullah:[44][45][46][47] First female in Bahrain to serve as a Public Prosecutor in the Juvenile Courts (2006), Chief Public Prosecutor with the rank of judge in the High Court (2009), and judicial inspector (2019)
- Dhouha Ibrahim al-Zayani:[48][49][50][51] First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Bahrain (2007-2016)
- Fatima Faisal Hubail:[48][52] First female appointed as a Judge of the Lower Civil Court of Bahrain (2008) and a member of the Supreme Judicial Council of Bahrain (2013)
Bangladesh[edit]
- Salma Sobhan (1959):[53] First Bangladesh female barrister called to the English Bar
- Mehrunnessa Khatun (1961):[54] First female advocate in Bangladesh
- Rabia Bhuiyan (1967):[55] First female barrister in Bangladesh
- Kamrun Nahar Laily (1972):[53] First female notary in Bangladesh
- Nazmun Ara Sultana (1972):[56][57][58][59][60] First female judge in Bangladesh (1975), as well as the first female District Judge (1991). She is also the first female High Court Judge (2000) and Justice of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh (2011).
- Rehana Khanam:[61][62] First female Public Prosecutor in Bangladesh (1991)
- Tania Amir (1990):[53] First female to become a member of the Bangladesh Bar Council (2012)
- Krishna Debnath:[63] First Hindu female judge in Bangladesh (upon her being appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh in 2010)
- Jesmin Ara:[64] First female solicitor in Bangladesh (2018)
- Sultana Tafadar:[65] First British-born Bangladeshi female to serve as a Queen's Counsel in Great Britain (2022)
Bhutan[edit]
- Tashi Chhozom:[66][67][68] First female judge in Bhutan, as well as the first female Justice of the Supreme Court of Bhutan (2012)
- Gagey Lhamu:[69][70] First female to serve as a Judge of the High Court of Bhutan
- Pem Tshering (2014):[71][72] First Bhutanese (female) member of the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple in the United Kingdom. She is also the first Bhutanese (female) lawyer to practice international law.
- Sonam Dechen Wangchuck (Princess Ashi):[73][74] First (female) to serve as President of the Jigme Singye Wangchuck School of Law (first and currently only law school in Bhutan; 2017) and President of the Bar Council of Bhutan (2017)
Brunei[edit]
- Hayati binti Mohammad Salleh (1980):[75][76][77][78][79] First Brunei Malay woman called to the English Bar. She later became the first female to serve as a judge in Brunei (1984), Chief Magistrate, Chief Registrar/Intermediate Court Judge (1998-1991), Justice of the Supreme Court of Brunei (2001), and Attorney General of Brunei (2009).
- Nur ‘Azizah binti Dato Seri Paduka Haji Ahmad:[80] First female to serve as the President of the Law Society of Brunei (2024)
Cambodia[edit]
- Bùi Thị Cẩm (c. 1936):[81][82][83][84] First female lawyer in Indochina [which included Cambodia and Laos]
- Kim Lun Khun, Thavry Neth and Thun Leapphy Muong (1995):[85] According to the registry of the Bar Association of the Kingdom of Cambodia, they were the first female lawyers to register in October 1995.
- Kim Sathavy:[86][87][88] First female magistrate in Cambodia (1982). In 2006, she became the first female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the Kingdom of Cambodia.
- Sum Nipha:[89] First female to serve as a member of the Constitutional Council of Cambodia (2004)
- Dame Silvia Cartwright and Katinka Lahuis:[90][91][92] First females to serve as International Judges (Trial and Pre-Trial Chambers respectively) of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (2006)
- Lok Chumteav Chea Leang:[93] First female to serve as the Attorney General of the Supreme Court of the Kingdom of Cambodia (2009)
- Florence Mumba:[94] First female to serve as an International Judge (Supreme Court Chamber) of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (2010)
China[edit]
- Flora Rosenberg:[95][96] First female (a Frenchwoman) to practice law in China (c. 1921)
- Tcheng Yu-hsiu (1926):[97][98][99] First female lawyer in China and Shanghai, China. She later became the first female judge in China.
- Kathleen Hoahing (1927):[100][101][102] First female solicitor in China
- Ma Yuan:[103][104] First female to serve as the Vice President of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China (1985)
- Wei Qihong (c. 1990s):[105] First female lawyer of the Va nationality in China
- Hu Kehui:[106] First female prosecutor in China (upon becoming the Deputy Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 1998)
- Xue Hanqin:[107] First Chinese female appointed as a Judge of the International Court of Justice (2010)
- Yang Jin (1985):[108][109] First female lawyer in Tibet
Hong Kong[edit]
- Teo Soon Kim (1927):[110][111] First female barrister in Hong Kong (admitted to practice law in Hong Kong in 1932)
- Patricia Loseby (1953):[112][113] First female admitted as a solicitor in Hong Kong
- Ellen Li:[114] First female Justice of the Peace in Hong Kong (1948)
- Betty Searle:[115] First female magistrate in Hong Kong (1956)
- Marjorie Chui:[116][117] First female Chinese judge in Hong Kong (1976)
- Helen Lo:[118][119] First female appointed as a District Judge (1986)
- Doreen Le Pichon (United Kingdom Bar, 1969; Hong Kong Bar, 1972; New York Bar, 1987; US District Courts for the Southern and Eastern Districts of New York, 1991):[120][121] First female appointed as a High Court Judge (1995) and subsequently as a Justice of Appeal Court of Appeal of the High Court of Hong Kong (2000)
- Anna Lai Yuen-kee:[122] First female public prosecutor elevated to Senior Counsel in Hong Kong (2016)
- Baroness Hale (1969) and Beverley McLachlin (1969):[123] First females appointed as Non-Permanent Judges of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal (2018)
- Melissa Kaye Pang:[124] First female lawyer appointed as the President of the Law Society of Hong Kong (2018)
- Susan Kwan:[125] First female appointed as Vice President of the Court of Appeal of the High Court of Hong Kong (2019)
- Maggie Yang Mei-kei:[126] First female to serve as the Director of Public Prosecutions for Hong Kong (2021)
Macau[edit]
- Amélia António:[127][128] First female to practice law in Macau. She also founded the Macau Lawyers Association in 1991.[129]
- Linxiao Yun (1993):[130] First Chinese female barrister in Macau
- Florinda Chan and Sonia Chan:[131] First females to serve as the Secretariat for Administration and Justice (Macau) (1999–2014 and 2014–present respectively). Sonia Chan studied law whereas Florinda Chan had a business background.
- Song Man Lei:[132][133][134] First female judge in Macau (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Macau in 2012). She was also the first female appointed as a prosecutor in Macau (1996).
East Timor (Timor Leste)[edit]
- Maria Natércia Gusmão Pereira:[135][136][137] First female judge in East Timor (2000). She later became a permanent Judge of the Court of Appeal of East Timor (2011).[138]
- Jacinta Correia de Costa:[139] First female appointed as a Judge of the Court of Appeal of East Timor (2003) and Judge Secretary of the Supreme Judicial Council of East Timor (2012)
- Ana Pessoa Pinto (c. 1981):[140] First female appointed as the Attorney General of East Timor (2007–2013)
Georgia[edit]
- Nino Kipiani:[141] First female lawyer in Georgia
- Firde Nizharadze:[142][143] First female judge in Georgia (upon her appointment to the Supreme Court of Georgia in 1934). She was also the first female lawyer in Adjara [Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Georgia].
- Lamara Chorgolashvili:[144][145][146] First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Georgia (1996)
- Nana Devdarian:[147] First female to serve as the Public Defender of Georgia (2003)
- Eka Tkeshelashvili (1997):[148] First female appointed as the Prosecutor General (or Attorney General) of Georgia (2008)
- Nino Gvenetadze:[149][150] First female appointed as the Chairperson of the Supreme Court of Georgia (2015)
- Kvitsinia Fatima Alekseevna:[151][152] First female to serve as a Judge of the Arbitration Court of Abkhazia (1997)
- Liudmila Khojashvili, Diana Pilia, and Alisa Bigvava[153][154] First females appointed as Judges of the Constitutional Court of Abkhazia (2018). Khojashvili is the first female to serve as the Deputy Chairperson (2018) and Chairperson (2021).[155]
Abkhazia[edit]
- Nelly Eshba:[156] First female lawyer in Abkhazia
- Alla Avidzba:[157] First Abkhaz (female) judge (1975). She would later become the first female Chairperson of the Supreme Court of Abkhazia (2000).
- Kvitsinia Fatima Alekseevna:[151][152] First female to serve as a Judge of the Arbitration Court of Abkhazia (1997)
- Liudmila Khojashvili, Diana Pilia, and Alisa Bigvava[153][154] First females appointed as Judges of the Constitutional Court of Abkhazia (2018). Khojashvili is the first female to serve as the Deputy Chairperson (2018) and Chairperson (2021).[155]
South Ossetia[edit]
- Dzhioeva Olga Semyonovna:[158][159] First female to serve as the Prosecutor of the South Ossetian Autonomous Region (1938)
India[edit]
- Margaret Cousins:[160] First non-native female magistrate in India (1922)
- Cornelia Sorabji (1923):[161] First female graduate from Bombay University, first woman to study law at Oxford University, first female advocate in India, and the first woman to practice law in India and Britain
- Mithan Jamshed Lam (1923):[162][163] First Indian woman barrister and the first Indian woman lawyer at the Bombay High Court
- Omana Kunjamma:[164][165] First native female magistrate in India
- Anna Chandy (1926):[166] First female judge in India (upon her appointment as a Judge of the High Court in India in 1937). She was also the first female judge in the Anglo-Saxon world, decades before Elizabeth Lane.[167]
- Violet Alva:[168] First female lawyer to appear before a High Court in India (1944) and preside over the Rajya Sabha (1952)
- Fathima Beevi (1950):[169] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of India (1989)
- Anjali Arora (1973):[170] First female visually impaired Supreme Court lawyer in India
- Leila Seth:[171][172] First female to become Chief Justice of a High Court in India (upon becoming the Chief Justice of the Himachal Pradesh High Court in 1991). She was also the first female judge on the Delhi High Court (1978).
- Kim Hollis:[173] First female of Asian (Sikh) descent to become a Queen's Counsel in the United Kingdom (2002)
- Indira Jaising:[174] First female Additional Solicitor General of India (2009)
- Neeru Chadha:[175] First Indian female to serve as a Judge of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (2017)
- Indu Malhotra:[176][177] First female elevated by the Bar to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Court of India (2018)
Indonesia[edit]
- Anna Lange:[178] First female judge when Indonesia was known as the Netherland Indies (Dutch East Indies) (1921)
- Julia Adolfs (1927):[179][180] First female lawyer when Indonesia was known as the Netherland Indies (Dutch East Indies)
- Maria Ulfah Santoso:[181]: 119–120 First Indonesian female to earn a law degree (she graduated from a Dutch university in 1933)
- Ani Abas Manoppo (1952):[182][183] First female lawyer in Indonesia
- Thung Tjit Nio:[184][185] First female state judge in Indonesia (1955)
- Sunaryati Hartono (c. 1958):[186] First woman appointed as a Judge of the Country Country Court (1956–1959)
- Ny Prayitno:[187][188][189][31] First female appointed as a Judge of the Religious Court in Indonesia through the decree of the Minister of Religion (1957)[190]
- Sri Widoyati Wiratmo Soekito:[191][192][193] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia (1968)
- Ellen Soebiantoro:[194] First female to serve as a Junior Attorney General at the Attorney General's Office of Indonesia
- Marianna Sutadi:[195][196] First (female) Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia (2004)
- Maria Farida Indrati:[197] First female appointed as Judge of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia (2008)
Iran[edit]
- Khadijeh Keshavarz (1937), Yekaterina Saeedkhvanian (1949), and Mehrangiz Manouchehrian (1958):[198][199][200] First female lawyers respectively in Iran. Manouchehrian is considered the first woman to actually practice law in Iran.[201]
- Meymant Chubak, Adineh Bani Mahd Rankouhi, Manijeh Farzad, Azarnoosh Malek, and Homayoundokht Homayoun:[202][203] First female judges in Iran (1968)
- Roya Najafzadeh:[202] First female prosecutor in Iran (c. 1971)
- Shirin Ebadi:[204][205] First female to serve as a presiding judge in Iran (1975)
- Mina Torabi:[206][207] First female to serve as a Deputy Prosecutor in Iran (upon becoming one for the Lorestan Province in 1983)
- Nadia Motraghi:[208] First female of Iranian descent appointed as a King's Counsel at the Employment Bar (UK; 2023)
Iraq[edit]
- Thumal the Qahraman:[209] First Muslim female appointed as a secular administrative court judge in Islam (918 AD; Abbasid Caliphate, now Iraq)
- Sabiha al-Shaykh Da'ud:[210][211] First female to graduate with a law degree in Iraq (1941). She registered to become a lawyer in 1956. She and Zakia Hakki became the first female judges in Iraq respectively in 1956-1959.[212][213]
- Amina Al-Rahal (1943) and Adiba Taha Al-Shibli (c. 1949):[214][215][216][217] First female lawyers respectively in Iraq
Israel[edit]
- Rosa Ginossar (Ginzburg) (1930):[218] First female lawyer in Israel
- Eugenia Winogradov (1939):[219][220] First female judge in Israel (1948)
- Miriam Ben-Porat (1945):[221] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel (1977)
- Dorit Beinisch (1967):[222] First female justice to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of Israel (2006), as well as Israel's first female State Attorney (1989)
- Hana Mansour-Khatib:[223][224] First female appointed as a Judge of the Shari'a Court in Israel (2017)
- Havi Toker:[225] First ultra-Orthodox female judge in Israel (2018)
- Sawsan Elkassem:[226] First Druze female judge in Israel (2018)
- May Alhajoj:[227] First Bedouin female prosecutor in Israel (2021)
- Gali Baharav-Miara:[228] First female to serve as the Attorney General of Israel (2022)
- Gila Canfy-Steinitz:[229] First female of Sephardic descent appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel (2022)
Japan[edit]
Jordan[edit]
- Emily Bisharat:[230][231] First female lawyer in Jordan
- Taghreed Hikmat:[232][233][234] First female judge in Jordan (1996). She later became the first Arab (female) Judge of the International Criminal Court in The Hague (2003–2011). In 2020, she became the first female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Jordan.[235]
- Ihsan Barakat:[48][236][237][238][239] First female appointed as the Chief Justice of the West Amman Court of First Instance (2007), Attorney General[240] (in Amman in 2010), and Judge of the Cassation Court of Jordan (2018)
- Ohood Abdullah Majali:[241][242][243] First female (a judge) prosecutor in Jordan (2010)
- Jawaher Al-Jabour:[244] First female to serve as a criminal court judge in Jordan
Kazakhstan[edit]
- Nagyima Idryskyzy Arykova:[245][246][247] First female to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of Kazakh ASSR (1929–1930)
- Nagima Davletshievna Zhumagaliyev:[248] First female lawyer in Kazakhstan
- Aitpaeva Saule Muhanbedianovna (c. 1979):[249][250][251] First female lawyer to achieve the rank of (prosecutor) general in Kazakhstan. She is also the first female to have headed a Prosecutor-General's Office's department for the Republic of Kazakhstan (1977).
- Lyudmila Illarionovna Basharimova:[252][253] First female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1992)
- Venera Khamitovna Seitimova:[254] First Kazakh female to serve as a Judge of the Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States (2013)
Korea[edit]
- Lee Tai-Young (1952):[255][256] First female lawyer in Korea. She completed her two years of training by 1954, but did not set up a law practice until 1957. She later became a judge.
- Hwang Yun-suk (passed a Judicial Examination in 1952):[257][258] First female judge in South Korea (1954)[259]
- Ho Jong-suk:[260] First female to serve as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of North Korea (1959)
- Chosun Sook and Park Suk Kyung:[261][262] First female prosecutors in South Korea (1982)
- Lee Young-ae:[263][264] First female to serve as a Chief Judge in South Korea (upon her appointment as the head of the Suwon District Court in 1988)
- Kang Kum-sil:[262] First female to serve as the Attorney General for South Korea (2003)
- Chung Hyo-sook:[262][265] First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Korea (2003)
- Kim Young-ran:[266][267] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Korea (2004)
- Lee Jung-mi:[268] First female to serve as the Acting President of the Constitutional Court of Korea (2013)
- Cho Hee-jin:[269] First female to serve as a Chief Prosecutor in South Korea (c. 2014)
Kuwait[edit]
- Badria al-Awadhi:[270][271] First female to study law in Kuwait (c. 1967)
- Suad al-Jassim (1973):[272][273][274] First female lawyer in Kuwait
- Lulwa Ibrahim Al-Ghanim, Hillal Waleed Al-Duraei, Roaa Essam Al-Tabtabai, Bashayer Saleh Al-Raqdan, Basheer Abdul-Jalil Shah Muhammad, Sharifa Abdulaziz Al-Mubarak, Anwar Ahmed Al Bin Ali, Sanabel Badr Al-Houti, Israa Faisal Salim, Fatima Faisal Al-Kandari, Lulwa Khaled Al-Amhoujm Fatima Abdel-Moneim Saghir, Fatima Yaqoub Al-Farhan and Farah Farid Al-Ajeel:[275] First women appointed as judges in Kuwait (2021)
- Munira Nabil Al-Waqayan:[276] First female prosecutor to plead a case before a Kuwaiti criminal court (2021). She was one of the 22 female prosecutors appointed for the first time in Kuwait in 2014.[277]
Kyrgyzstan[edit]
- Kydyrbaeva Fatima Chapievna (1945):[278] First female lawyer to become the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Kirghiz SSR (1942–1947)
- Anara Sharshenovna:[279] First Kyrgyz female to serve as a Judge of the Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States (1992)
- Cholpon Tursunovna Baekova:[280][281][282] First female to serve as the Prosecutor General of Kyrgyzstan (1991). She was also the first female to serve as the chairperson of the then newly formed Constitutional Court of Kyrgyzstan (1993).
- Atyr Abdrahmatova:[283] First female to serve as the Ombudsperson of Kyrgyzstan (2021)
Laos[edit]
- Bùi Thị Cẩm (c. 1936):[81][82][83][84] First female lawyer in Indochina [which included Cambodia and Laos]
Lebanon[edit]
- Salima Abi Rashed (1914):[284] First female lawyer in Lebanon
- Paulette Ameslend Tamer (1931):[285] First female law intern of French origin registered in Lebanon
- Nina Trad (1932):[286][287] First female lawyer registered in Lebanon
- Katina Gholam and Georgette Arbid Chidiac:[288][289][290] First female judges in Lebanon (1965)
- Jacqueline Massabki:[291] First female elected to the council of the Lebanese Bar Association (1965)
- Arlette Jreissati:[292][293] First female judge in Lebanon to have received a formal judicial education (1973)
- Feryal Hussein Dalloul:[294][295][296] First female member of the Supreme Judicial Council of Lebanon (2006)
- Micheline Braidy and Janet Nosworthy:[297] First females to serve as Judges of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (2011)
- Amal Haddad:[284] First female to serve as the President of a Bar Association in Lebanon (upon becoming President of the Beirut Bar Association in 2011). Haddad is considered the first female to lead a bar association in the Arab world.[298]
- Ivana Hrdličková:[297] First female to serve as the President of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (2013)
- Mireille Emile Najm:[299] First female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Council of Lebanon (2021)
Malaysia[edit]
- B.H. Oon (1927):[300][301] First female lawyer in Malaysia
- Tan Sri Dato' Seri Siti Norma binti Yaakob (1962):[302][303] First female judge in Malaysia (upon her appointment as a Judge of the High Court in 1983). She later became the first female Judge of the Court of Appeal (1994–2000) and first female Chief Judge of Malaysia (2005–2007).
- Puan Hendon Mohamed:[304] First female to serve as the President of the Bar Council of Malaysia (1995)
- Ainum Mohd Saaid:[305][306] First female Attorney General of Malaysia (2001)
- Noor Huda Roslan and Nenney Shuhaidah:[307][308] First female Judges of the Shari'a High Court in Malaysia (2016)
- Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat:[309][310] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of Malaysia (2019)
- Rohana Yusuf:[311] First female to serve as the President of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia (2019)
Maldives[edit]
- Mariya Ahmed Didi:[312] First female lawyer in the Maldives
- Aisha Shujoon Mohamed and Huzaifa Mohamed:[313] First female judges in the Maldives (2007)
- Azima Shukoor:[312] First female Attorney General of the Maldives (2007–2008)
- Azmiralda Zahir:[314] First female appellate court judge in the Maldives (upon her appointment to the High Court of the Maldives in 2011)
- Aishath Bisam:[315] First female appointed as the Prosecutor General of the Maldives (2015)
- Aisha Shujoon Mohamed and Azmiralda Zahir:[316] First females to serve as Justices of the Supreme Court of the Maldives (2019). Mohamed and Anara Naeem were the first female members of the Maldives Bar Council in 2019.[317] Also, in 2019, Zahir became the first female to serve as the Acting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Maldives.
- Dheebanaz Fahmy:[318] First female appointed as a Judge of the Criminal Court of the Maldives (2020)
Mongolia[edit]
- Binjelkh Tserenbaljir (c. 1963):[319] First female lawyer in Mongolia, as well as the first female assistant procurator of Mongolia's State Prosecutor's Office (1968)
- Dolgorsuren Khash-Erdene:[320] First female prosecutor trained abroad by the General Prosecutor's Office of Mongolia
- T. Enkhtuya:[321] First female appointed as a Judge of the Aimag Court (1992). She later became the first female Chief Justice of the Civil Court of Appeal and the Court of Appeals of the First Civil Prosecutor's Office in Mongolia.
- Tserennadmid Narangiin:[322][323] First female Prosecutor General of the Aimag (upon serving as the Prosecutor General of the Selenge Aimag Prosecutor's Office from 1993 to 2001)
- Janlavyn Byambajav:[324][325] First female to serve as a member of the Constitutional Court of Mongolia (1996)
- Alimantsetseg Sodon:[323][326] First female appointed as a Deputy Prosecutor General of Mongolia (2019)
- Renchindorji Ononchime:[327] First female to serve as the Chairman of the Judicial General Council of Mongolia (2022)
Myanmar (Burma)[edit]
- Coomee Rustom Dantra (1924):[328] First Burmese female admitted to an Inn of Court in the United Kingdom
- Pwa Hmee and Hme (May May) Khin (1925):[329][330][331][332][333][334][335] First female barristers in Myanmar (Burma). In 1928, Khin became the first female judge in Myanmar (Burma).
- Khin Hla Myint and Daw Kyi:[336][337][338] First females to serve as Justices of the Constitutional Tribunal of Myanmar (2011–2012)
- Wah Wah Tan:[339][340] First female to serve as the chief justice of a Myanmar court (2019)
- Thida Oo:[341] First female to serve as the Attorney General of Myanmar (2021)
- Khin Mary and Thin Thin Nu:[342][343] First females to serve as Justices of the Supreme Court of Myanmar (2021-2022)
Nepal[edit]
- Shanti Devi Thapa (1961):[344][345][346] First female lawyer in Nepal
- Ambika Acharya:[347] First female judge in Nepal (1966)
- Sharada Shrestha:[348][349] First female appointed as a Judge of the District Court in Nepal (1967)
- Sushila Singh Shilu:[348][350][351] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Nepal (c. 2001). She was also the first female to serve as a First Advocate and Senior Advocate in Nepal.[352]
- Sushila Karki (1978):[353][354] First female appointed as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nepal (2016)
- Mohna Ansari (2003):[355] First female Muslim lawyer in Nepal
Oman[edit]
- Suad bint Mohammed al Lamkiya:[356][357][358][359] First female law graduate, legal advisor (lawyer) [1974], and prosecutor in Oman[360][361]
- Kamilia al Busaidy (1997):[362] First registered female lawyer in Oman
- Sahar Askalan:[363] First Omani woman to set up a law firm in Oman
- Jalila bint Sulaiman al-Rawahiya:[364][365] First female to serve as a Director of Public Prosecutions in Oman (Barka; 2008). She was one of the first 16 women appointed as a prosecutor in Oman in 2004.[366][367]
Pakistan[edit]
- Salma Sobhan (1959):[368] First female lawyer in Pakistan
- Khalida Rashid Khan (1969): First female judge in Pakistan (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Superior Judiciary of Pakistan in 1974)
- Majida Rizvi:[369][370] First female appointed as a Judge of the High Court of Pakistan (1994)
- Noor Naz Agha:[371][372] First female lawyer to hold an elective office of a bar council in Pakistan (upon becoming the vice-chairperson of the Sindh Bar Council in 2005). She also became the first female member of the Judicial Commission of Pakistan in 2017.
- Jalila Haider:[373] First female lawyer from the Hazara community of Balochistan (2010)
- Asma Jahangir (1978):[374] First female (a lawyer) to serve as the President of the Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan (2010–2012)
- Ashraf Jehan:[375][376] First female appointed as a Judge of the Federal Shariat Court in Pakistan (2013)
- Tahira Safdar:[377][378] First female justice to become a chief justice in Pakistan (upon her appointment as Chief Justice of the Balochistan High Court in 2018). She was also the first female appointed as a civil judge in Balochistan (1982).
- Suman Pawan Badani and Diana Kumari:[379][380] First Hindu females to become civil judges in Pakistan (2019)
- Naderat Paracha:[381] First female lawyer from Pakistan to earn a doctorate in Judicial Science (2020)
- Ayesha Malik:[382][383] First female to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan (2022)
- Zahra Viani:[384] First Pakistani female lawyer elected as a member of the Lincoln Inn Bar panel (2022)
Palestine[edit]
- Nechama Feinstein-Pukhachevskaya:[385] First female judge in Mandatory Palestine (1919). She was also considered the first female judge in Western Asia.
- Freda Slutzkin (1930):[386] First female lawyer in Mandatory Palestine
- Saada Fawzi Khalil Kamal Dajani (1967):[387][388][389] First female to become a lawyer, prosecutor (1971), judge (1973), Justice of the Supreme Court (1995), and Justice of the Supreme Constitutional Court (2011) in Palestine
- Iman Naser Al-Deen:[390][391][392][393] First female appointed as a judge in the Palestinian territories (1982), Senior Judge of the High Judicial Council, and vice-president of the Supreme Judicial Council in Palestine
- Kholoud Al-Faqih (2001) and Asmahan Al-Wuheidi:[43][394][395][396][397] First females appointed as Judges of the Sharia Court in Palestine (2009)[398]
- Somoud Al-Damiri:[397][399] First female appointed as the Chief Prosecutor of Personal Status for the Upper Council of Sharia Courts in Palestine (2010)
- Tahreer Hammad:[397][400] First female appointed as a marriage officiant (Sharia marriage judge) in Palestine (2015)
- Najwa Abdullah:[401] First female to serve as a Chief Public Prosecutor in Palestine [upon her appointment to the role in the Salfit Governorate, Palestine in 2016]
- Hana Taraz:[402][403] First Christian female lawyer in Palestine to plead before the Islamic court (2018)
Philippines[edit]
- Floy Gilmore:[404][405] First female appointed as the Assistant Attorney General of the Philippines (1903)
- Maria del Pilar Francisco de Villacerna (1911):[406][407] First female lawyer in the Philippines
- Paz Legaspi Bautista:[271] First female law graduate in the Philippines (1915)
- Natividad Almeda-López (1914):[408][409] First female judge in the Philippines (1934), as well as the first female appointed as a Judge of the Court of Appeals in the Philippines
- Cecilia Muñoz-Palma (1937):[410] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (1973). She was also the first female district court judge in the Philippines (1954).
- Teresita Cruz Sison:[411][412] First female to serve as President of the Philippine Bar Association (1991)
- Merceditas Gutierrez (1974):[413] First female (a lawyer) appointed as the Ombudsman of the Philippines (2005)
- Agnes Devanadera:[414] First female appointed as the Solicitor-General of the Philippines (2007–2010)
- Marian Aleido (1979):[415] First female appointed as the Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (2012)
- Maria Lourdes Sereno:[416] First female appointed as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (2012)
- Miriam Defensor Santiago:[417] First Filipino (female) elected as a Judge of the International Criminal Court (2012)
Qatar[edit]
- Haifa al-Bakr (2000):[418] First female lawyer in Qatar
- Mariam Abdullah Al-Jaber:[419][420][421] First female prosecutor in Qatar (upon becoming a District Attorney in 2003)
- Sheikha Maha Mansour al-Thani and Hessa Al-Sulaiti:[422][423][424][425][426] First female judges in Qatar (2010)[427]
- Fatima Abdullah Al-Mal:[428] First female criminal judge in Qatar (2015)
- Mona Al-Marzouqi:[429] First female appointed as a Judge of the Qatar International Court (2021)
Saudi Arabia[edit]
- Dania Aboaloa:[430][431] One of the first 49 female law graduates in Saudi Arabia (2008)[432]
- Souad al-Shammari:[433][434] First female authorized to defend female cases in the Saudi courts (c. 2012)
- Arwa Al-Hujaili (2010):[435][436][437] First female trainee lawyer in Saudi Arabia (2013)
- Bayan Mahmoud Al-Zahran, Sara Aalamri, Jehan Qurban and Ameera Quqani (2013):[438][439][440] First female lawyers in Saudi Arabia. Al-Zahran later founded the first all-woman law firm in Saudi Arabia in 2014.
- Shaimaa Sadeq Al-Jibran:[441][442][443][444][445] First female arbitrator (commercial court) in Saudi Arabia (2016)
- Hajar Al-Ati and Renad Melsi:[446] Two of the first 50 women appointed as investigators (prosecutors) for the Public Prosecution–Saudi Arabia (2019)
- Ethar Al-Daej:[447] First female appointed as a member of the Saudi Bar Association Board (2022)
Singapore[edit]
- Teo Soon Kim (1929):[110] First female lawyer admitted to the Bar in the Straits Settlements
- Jenny Lau Buong Bee (1957):[448][449][450] First female judge in Singapore (1966)
- Ong Cheng See (c. 1960s):[451] First woman advocate / solicitor admitted to the Singapore Bar that attended a university within the country
- Phyllis Tan Poh Lian:[452] First female to serve as the President of the Law Society of Singapore (1979)
- Lai Siu Chiu (1973):[453][454] First woman to serve as a Judicial Commissioner (1991) and the first woman appointed as a Judge of the High Court in the Supreme Court of Singapore (1994)
- Engelin Teh Guek Ngor, Belinda Ang Saw Ean, and Molly Lim Kheng Yan:[455] First females to become Senior Counsel in Singapore (1998)
- Koh Juat Jong (1989):[456] First female appointed as the Solicitor-General of Singapore (2008). In 2010, she was the first female to serve as the Acting Attorney-General of Singapore.[457]
- Judith Prakash:[458] First female appointed as a permanent Judge of the Singapore Court of Appeal (2016)
- Sapna Jhangiani:[459] First female lawyer in Singapore to become a Queen's Counsel (2020)
Sri Lanka[edit]
- Avabai Wadia (1934):[460][461] First Sri Lankan woman to pass the bar exam in the UK, but could not find employment as a lawyer in Sri Lanka
- Ezlynn Deraniyagala (1935): First female lawyer in Sri Lanka
- Ruby Devanayagam and Leena Fernando:[462][463] First females to serve as Proctors of the Supreme Court of Ceylon (c. 1940)
- Shanthi Eva Wansundera (1997):[464][465] First female to serve as Senior State Counsel (1978), Deputy Solicitor General (1998), Additional Solicitor General (2005), Solicitor General (2011), Acting Attorney General (2008) and Attorney General of Sri Lanka (2011–2012)
- Maureen Seneviratne:[466] First female appointed as a President's Counsel in Sri Lanka (1983)
- Mallika Prematilake:[462] First female magistrate (1979) and District Court Judge (1985) in Sri Lanka
- Shiranee Tilakawardane:[467][468] First female to serve as a Judge of the High Court (1988). She is also the first female appointed as a State Counsel (1978), Judge of the Admiralty Court, Justice of the Court of Appeal (1998) and President of the Court of Appeal.
- Shirani Bandaranayake (1983):[469] First female to serve as a Justice (1996) and the Chief Justice (2011) of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka
- Anoma Goonetillake:[470][471] First female to serve as the Treasurer (1999), Secretary (2004-2006), and Deputy President (2012-2013) of the Bar Association of Sri Lanka
- Chandra Ekanayake:[462] First female to serve as a Judge of the Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka (2003) and its President (2008)
- Radhika Coomaraswamy:[472] First female to serve as a member of the Constitutional Council of Sri Lanka (2015)
Syria[edit]
- Bouran Al-Tarazi (1937):[473][474] First female lawyer in Syria
- Insaf al-Borai:[475][476][477] First female judge in the United Arab Republic (1958; a republic signifying the union of Egypt and Syria from 1958 to 1971)
- Ghāda Murād:[478][479][480][481] First female judge in Syria (1975). She was also the first female prosecutor in Syria.
- Salwa Kadib:[482] First female to serve as the President of a Court of Assize in Syria (1997) and the Economics Security State Court of Syria (1999)
- Amna Meni:[483] First female to serve as the president of a bar association in Syria (2009)
- Jamila Muslim Al-Sharbaji:[482] First female to serve as a Judge of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Syria (2012)
- Zahira Bashmani:[482][484][485] First female judge appointed as the President of the Counter-Terrorism Court of Syria (2017)
- Khadija Badrakhan:[486] First female judge to serve as the President of the First Court of Appeals in Syria (c. 2017)
Taiwan[edit]
- Shi Lijun (1947), Yu Junzhu (1949), and Xiong Dehui (1950):[487] First female lawyers respectively in the Republic of China
- Zhang Jinlan (1942):[95][488][489][490][491][492] First female judge in the Republic of China (1948). She later became the first female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of China (Taiwan) (1956). In 1970, she became the first female to serve as a Judge of the Judicial Yuan (Constitutional Court) of the Republic of China (Taiwan).[493]
- Fan Xinxiang:[494] First female to serve as the Presiding Judge of a Republic of China court (1955), as well as the President of the Supreme Court of the Republic of China (Taiwan) (1970)
- Yang Huiying:[487][495][496] First Taiwanese female judge in Republic of China (Taiwan) (1968)
- Kao Meng-hsun:[497] First female to serve as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of China (2023)
Tajikistan[edit]
- Amina Yuldasheva:[498] First female lawyer in the Tajik SSR (c. 1930s)
- N.D. Safarova:[499][500] First female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Tajikistan (1995–2000)
- Laili Sharofovna Makhmudova:[279] First Tajik female to serve as a Judge of the Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States (1995)
Thailand[edit]
- Khunying Ram Phrommobon Bunyaprasop (1930):[501][502] First female lawyer in Thailand
- Chalorjit Jittarutta:[503][504] First female judge in Thailand (1965)
- Yindi Wacharaphong Persuwan:[505][506][507] First female appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Thailand (1996). She later served as a Chief Justice for the Supreme Court system.
- Saowanee Asavarot (1973):[508][509] First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Thailand (2003). She is also considered the first female law professor in Thailand.
- Ubolratana Wudhikapath:[510][511] First female judge to serve as the President of the Court of Appeal of Thailand (2018)
- Methinee Chalothorn:[512][513] First female appointed to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of Thailand (2020)
- Vilawan Mangklatanakul:[514] First Thai national and international female lawyer appointed as a member of the International Law Commission (2021)
- Naree Tantasathien:[515] First female Attorney General of Thailand (2022)
Turkey[edit]
- Suat Hilmi Berk (Graduated from Istanbul University Faculty of Law in the early 1920s):[516][517] First female judge in Turkey (1925)
- Süreyya Ağaoğlu (1925):[516] First female lawyer in Turkey
- Nezahet Güreli and Beyhan Hanım:[518][519][520] First females appointed as Judges of the Court of First Instance of Turkey (1930)
- Muazzez Halet Isikpinar:[521] First female criminal judge in Turkey (1931)
- Handan Dalay Kaftancı:[522] First female prosecutor in Turkey
- Melahat Ruacan:[523][524] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals (Court of Cassation) of Turkey (1945)
- Firdevs Menteşe:[525] First female appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Administrative Court of Turkey (c. 1969)
- Nermin Özkaya:[526] First female to serve as the president of a bar association in Turkey (upon her election as the President of the Elazığ Bar Association between 1972 and 1979)
- Füruzan İkincioğulları:[527] First female to serve as the President of the Council of State of Turkey (1994-1998)
- Işık Keskin Özbay:[528] First female Chief Public Prosecutor of Turkey (1997)
- Fahrünisa Etmen:[529][530][531] First female appointed as a Judge of the Court of Auditors of Turkey
- Aysel Çelikel:[532][533] First female to become a Dean in a Faculty of Law in Turkey
- Samia Akbulut:[534] First female to serve as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Turkey (1990)
- Tülay Tuğcu:[535] First female judge to become President of the Constitutional Court of Turkey (2005-2007)
- Şebnem Günaydın:[536][537] First female to serve as the Secretary General of the Supreme Court of Turkey (2015)
- Filiz Saraç:[538] First woman to be elected president of the Istanbul Bar Association (2022)
- Tuba Ersöz Ünver:[539] First female headscarved woman Provincial Chief Prosecutor in Turkey (2022)
Turkmenistan[edit]
- Emīlija Veinberga:[540] First female judge in Turkmenistan (1928)
- Gurbanbibi Atajanova:[541][542] First female appointed as the Prosecutor General of Turkmenistan (1997–2006)
United Arab Emirates[edit]
- Samira Gargash (1991):[387][543][544] First female lawyer in the United Arab Emirates
- Alia Muhammad Saeed Al Kaabi and Atqa Awad Ali Al Kathiri:[545][546] First females appointed as public prosecutors in the United Arab Emirates (2007)
- Khulood al Dhaheri:[547][548][549] First female judge in the United Arab Emirates (2008)
- Khadija Khamis Al-Malas:[550][551] First female to serve as an appellate court judge in the United Arab Emirates (2019)
- Salama Rashid Al-Ketbi:[550][551] First female to serve as a Judge of the First Instance Court in the United Arab Emirates (2019)
- Alia Muhammad Saeed Al Kaabi:[552] First female to serve as a Public Prosecution Director in the United Arab Emirates (upon her appointment as the Director of the Family Prosecution Office in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi)
- Al-Yazia Al-Hammadi:[553] First female criminal judge in the Court of First Instance in the United Arab Emirates
- Maha Al Mheiri:[554] First female appointed as a common law judge in the United Arab Emirates (2021)
Uzbekistan[edit]
- Diloro Yusupova (c. 1925):[555] First female lawyer in Uzbekistan
- Khaditcha Suleymanova (1935):[556][557][558][559][560] First female academician lawyer in Uzbekistan. She was also the first female people's judge in Uzbekistan (1935), a well as the first female to serve as a member (1935) and the Chairperson (1964) of the Supreme Court of Uzbekistan.
- Fatima Mahmuti (1985):[561] First Uzbek female to practice law in China
- S. A. Khakimova:[562] First female appointed as a Judge of the Constitutional Court of Uzbekistan (1995)
Vietnam[edit]
- Bùi Thị Cẩm (c. 1936):[81][82][83][84] First Vietnamese female to study law and become a lawyer in Vietnam. She was also considered the first female lawyer in Indochina [which included Cambodia and Laos].
- Vũ Thị Châu:[563][564] First female judge in Vietnam (c. 1950s)
- Maj. Ann Wansley:[565] First female judge advocate in the U.S. Army, Vietnam (1966–1967)
- Le Thi Phuong Hang:[566] First female to serve as a Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court of Vietnam (1979-1988)
- Nguyễn Thị Tuyết:[567] First female to embark on a legal career in the history of the Military Courts of Vietnam (c. 1980s)
- Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Anh:[568] First female (ambassador) appointed as a Justice of the Supreme People's Court of Vietnam (2015)
- Pham Thi Duyen and Pham Hong Loan:[569] First females to serve as deputy chief justices of a family and juvenile court in Vietnam (2016)
- Nguyen Thi Quynh Anh:[570] First female to serve as the Vice President of the Vietnam Bar Federation (c. 2023) (Mrs. Ngo Ba Thanh served as vice chair of the Vietnam Lawyer's Association in the 1980s-1990s.[571])
Yemen[edit]
- Hamida Zakaria:[572][573] First female judge in Yemen (1968)
- Raqia Humaidan (1980):[574][575][576][577][578] First female lawyer in Yemen
- Shada Nasser (1989):[579][580][581] First female lawyer to not cover her up face while practicing before Yemen's courts. She was also the first female lawyer in Sana’a, as well as the first female to develop and head an all-female law firm in the same city (1996).
- Angham Faisal Qaid:[582] First female to serve as the presiding judge of a Yemeni court (c. 1990)
- Samia Abdullah Saeed:[583][584][585] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Yemen (2006)
- Main Al Obaydi:[586] First female appointed to the Council of the Bar Association of Yemen (overseeing the Human Rights and Civil Liberties Committee)
- Sabah Alwani:[587] First female to serve as a member of the Supreme Judicial Council of Yemen (2022)
See also[edit]
- List of first women lawyers and judges by nationality
- List of first women lawyers and judges in Africa
- List of first women lawyers and judges in Europe
- List of first women lawyers and judges in North America
- List of first women lawyers and judges in Oceania
- List of first women lawyers and judges in South America
- List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States
- List of the first women holders of political offices in Asia
References[edit]
- ^ HASHIMI, Sayed Mobin (2013). "AFGANİSTAN'DA KADINLARIN SOSYO-KÜLTÜRELVE DİNİ DURUMU(CÜZCAN ÖRNEĞİ): YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ" (PDF). T.C.NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİSOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜFELSEFE VE DİN BİLİMLERİ ANA BİLİM DALIDİN SOSYOLOJİSİ BİLİM DALI.
- ^ NOORİ, Noor Ahmad (2013). "CUMHURİYETTEN RUS İŞGALİNİN SONA ERMESİ SÜRECİNE KADAR AFGANİSTAN'DA KADININ DEĞİŞEN TOPLUMSAL ROLÜ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ". T.C. NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER INSTİTÜSÜ FELSEFE VE DİN BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI DİN SOSYOLOJİSİ BİLİM ALI.
- ^ Sonneveld, Nadia; Lindbekk, Monika (2017-03-27). Women Judges in the Muslim World: A Comparative Study of Discourse and Practice. BRILL. ISBN 9789004342200.
- ^ "Meet the first and only foreign lawyer to practise in Afghanistan". The Independent. 2016-03-18. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
- ^ "Beauty and the East: The lone foreign lawyer in Afghanistan". Retrieved 2018-04-26.
- ^ Shirazi, Faegheh (2010-05-01). Muslim Women in War and Crisis: Representation and Reality. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-77494-0.
- ^ "Rehana Popal | City, University of London". www.city.ac.uk. 2020-11-23. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
- ^ Institute, George W. Bush (2017-03-07). We Are Afghan Women: Voices of Hope. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781501120510.
- ^ Sedra, Mark (2016-11-03). Security Sector Reform in Conflict-Affected Countries: The Evolution of a Model. Routledge. ISBN 9781317390800.
- ^ "Historic bid to become Afghanistan's first female justice falls 9 votes short". Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
- ^ "In the words of Justice Anisa Rasooli: "Not all women in Afghanistan are women in blue burqas begging…we can be the best engineers, doctors, judges, teachers"". UN Women. Retrieved 2019-07-22.
- ^ "ALVINA GYULUMYAN: Judge of the Constitutional Court". www.concourt.am. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
- ^ "ՀՀ ՔԱՂԱՔԱՑԻՆԵՐՆ ԱՐԴԵՆ ԿԱՐՈՂ ԵՆ ԴԻՄԵԼ ԵՎՐՈՊԱԿԱՆ ԴԱՏԱՐԱՆ". A1Plus (in Armenian). April 30, 2002. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
- ^ Ամբողջական հոդվածը կարող եք կարդալ այս հասցեով. Առավոտ [aravot.am]. January 12, 1999.
- ^ "hy:ՀՀ ՆԱԽԱԳԱՀԻ ՀՐԱՄԱՆԱԳԻՐԸ ԴԱՏԱՎՈՐՆԵՐԻ ԾԱՌԱՅՈՂԱԿԱՆ ԱՌԱՋԽԱՂԱՑՄԱՆ 2006 ԹՎԱԿԱՆԻ ՑՈՒՑԱԿՆԵՐԸ ՀԱՍՏԱՏԵԼՈՒ ՄԱՍԻՆ". July 3, 2006.
- ^ "Լարիսա Ալավերդյան. «Օմբուդսմենի առաջնահերթ խնդիրը լինելու է Հայաստանում մարդու իրավունքների պաշտպանության ռազմավարության մշակումըե". armenpress.am (in Armenian). Retrieved 2021-09-19.
- ^ "ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԺՈՂՈՎ ՎԵՑԵՐՈՐԴ ԳՈՒՄԱՐՄԱՆ ԵՐՐՈՐԴ ՆՍՏԱՇՐՋԱՆ: ՍՂԱԳՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ N 32". National Assembly of Armenia. June 12, 2018.[dead link]
- ^ "Parliament Monitoring - Ազգային ժողովը երկրորդ անգամ ՍԴ դատավոր չընտրեց". parliamentmonitoring.am. Retrieved 2020-03-23.
- ^ "Հանրային պաշտպանի գրասենյակը նոր ղեկավար ունի". news.am (in Armenian). Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ ռ/կ, Ազատություն (March 2018). "Հայտնի է Բարձրագույն դատական խորհրդի առաջին կազմը". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան (in Armenian). Retrieved 2019-05-30.
- ^ Լազարյան, Տաթեւիկ (9 February 2021). "Լիլիթ Թադևոսյանն ընտրվեց Վճռաբեկ դատարանի նախագահ". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան (in Armenian). Retrieved 2022-11-03.
- ^ "Женщина на посту генерального прокурора – впервые в Армении". JAMnews in Russian (in Russian). 2022-06-29. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
- ^ "UNEC — Xanım rektorumuz – Bilqeyis Haşımzadə". unec.edu.az. Retrieved 2017-10-22.
- ^ Aliyev, Adil. "Hüquq Fakültəsi". law.bsu.edu.az. Retrieved 2017-10-22.
- ^ QADININ ELMDƏ ROLU (in Russian). 2016-02-01. Retrieved 2017-10-22.
- ^ "Zindana atılan, güllələnən baş prokurorlarımız…" (in Turkish). Retrieved 2019-08-12.
- ^ "HISTORY | Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan". www.genprosecutor.gov.az. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
- ^ "Azərbaycan Respublikası Konstitusiya Məhkəməsi". www.constcourt.gov.az. Archived from the original on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
- ^ Azvision. "Sözü qılıncdan kəsərli xanım HAKİMLƏR". AZ Vision (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 2019-07-29.
- ^ "Sona Salmanova Konstitusiya Məhkəməsinin sədr müavini təyin edilib". modern.az. July 2, 2010. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
- ^ a b Abel, Richard L.; Sommerlad, Hilary; Hammerslev, Ole; Schultz, Ulrike (2022-05-05). Lawyers in 21st-Century Societies: Vol. 2: Comparisons and Theories. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5099-3122-4.
- ^ Azvision (November 22, 2015). "Azərbaycanın ədliyyə nazirləri - 97 illik tarix". AzVision.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 2018-06-11.
- ^ "Südabə Həsənovanın vaxtında vətəndaşlar Avropa Şurasına deyil, elə Sədrin özünə şikayət edərdilər". YeniSözçü qəzeti. Retrieved 2018-06-11.
- ^ "Müstəqil Azərbaycanın ilk qadın prokurorları". visiontv.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 2023-01-24.
- ^ "İlk dəfə: iki qadın prokuror təyin olundu". Novator.az (in Azerbaijani). 2020-06-19. Retrieved 2023-01-24.
- ^ "ARDARADATUTYAN NAKHARARUTYUN". minjustnkr.am. Retrieved 2019-05-30.
- ^ "Նարինե Կառլենի ՆարիմանյանԱրցախի Հանրապետության Գերագույն դատարանի նախագահ" (in Armenian). Retrieved 2019-05-30.
- ^ "Աշխատանքային 11 տարիներիս ինձ որեւէ մեկը չի ճնշել. Արցախի դատավորների միության նախագահ". ajra.am. Archived from the original on 2019-05-30. Retrieved 2019-05-30.
- ^ "ԼՂՀ Գերագույն դատարանը նոր կին նախագահ ունի". haynews.am. Archived from the original on 2019-05-30. Retrieved 2019-05-30.
- ^ Center, Armenian Information. "ԼՂՀ գերագույն դատարանի նախագահն ընտրվել է կին". yn.am. Retrieved 2019-05-30.
- ^ a b c d e للمرأة, الرفاع-المجلس الأعلى. "اسماء المكرمات خلال حفل يوم المرأة البحرينية بالمحكمة الدستورية". صحيفة الوسط البحرينية (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-04-09.
- ^ "girlworks magazine - January / February 2016". Issuu. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
- ^ a b Rubin, Barry (2015-03-17). The Middle East: A Guide to Politics, Economics, Society and Culture. Routledge. ISBN 9781317455783.
- ^ a b "المرأة في النيابة العامة التمكين بثقة". Watan (in Arabic). 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
- ^ "تعيين أول امرأة بحرينية في التفتيش القضائي – الخليج الجديد". thenewkhalij.news (in Arabic). Retrieved 2019-08-18.
- ^ "البحرين.. تعيين أول امرأة بالتفتيش القضائي". وكالــة معــا الاخبارية. Retrieved 2019-08-18.
- ^ "البحرين: تعيين أول امرأة في منصب وكيل للنيابة العامة, أخبــــــار". archive.aawsat.com. Retrieved 2019-08-18.
- ^ a b c Kelly, Sanja; Breslin, Julia (2010-07-16). Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa: Progress Amid Resistance. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781442203976.
- ^ "Bahrain court rules national safety act 'constitutional'". gulfnews.com. 25 January 2012. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
- ^ Lichter, Ida (2009). Muslim Women Reformers: Inspiring Voices Against Oppression. Prometheus Books. p. 75. ISBN 9781615925025.
- ^ Al-Hassan, Omar; England), Gulf Centre for Strategic Studies (London (January 2009). Bahrain and the democratic transition: democracy, human rights, civil society, women, human development and freedom of expression. Gulf Centre for Strategic Studies. ISBN 9781840510003.
- ^ "بحرينية في المجلس الاعلى للقضاء.. لأول مرة". alwatan.kuwait.tt. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
- ^ a b c Hoque, Ridwanul (2012). "Gender and the Legal Profession in Bangladesh: Achievements and Challenge". Journal of Law & Social Research (JLSR). 3: 45–64.
- ^ "Obituary". infoweb.newsbank.com. May 27, 2013. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
- ^ Bennett, Clinton (2010-10-28). Muslim Women of Power: Gender, Politics and Culture in Islam. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4411-3625-1.
- ^ "Last working day for the first female judge". The Daily Star. 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
- ^ "Country's first female justice Nazmun Ara Sultana retires today". Dhaka Tribune. 7 July 2017. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
- ^ "Country's 1st woman judge Nazmun Ara retires today". New Age. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
- ^ "Bangladesh Supreme Court to get first woman judge". Zee News. 2011-02-23. Retrieved 2019-05-21.
- ^ "SC gets 1st woman judge". The Daily Star. 2011-02-23. Retrieved 2019-05-21.
- ^ "দেশের প্রথম নারী পাবলিক প্রসিকিউটর অ্যাডভোকেট রেহানা খানমের মৃত্যু". RTV Online. Retrieved 2023-01-24.
- ^ "দেশের প্রথম নারী পিপি রেহানা খানম আর নেই". Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). Retrieved 2023-01-24.
- ^ AsiaNews.it. "BANGLADESH Dhaka: for the first time in 150 years, a Hindu woman is appointed district judge". asianews.it. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
- ^ "Jesmin Ara first female solicitor in Bangladesh". The Daily Star. 2018-06-26. Retrieved 2019-01-20.
- ^ "British criminal barrister Sultana Tafadar makes history". www.mime.news. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
- ^ "Appointment of Dasho Tashi Chhozom to the Supreme Court of Bhutan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-04. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
- ^ "Alumni profiles – Tashi Chhozom". Queensland University of Technology. Archived from the original on 2019-05-16. Retrieved 2019-05-21.
- ^ Janssen, Sarah (2015-12-08). The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2016. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781600572005.
- ^ Wangdi, Dasho Kunzang (September 2012). "Keynote Address at Launch of "La, Aum Lyonchhen" Media Advocacy Campaign" (PDF). ELECTION COMMISSION OF BHUTAN.
- ^ Paul, Ratna (2021-01-01). "The Changing Status of Women in Modern Bhutan with Relation to Education (From 1914 to 2003 A.D.)". N.B.U. J. Hist.
- ^ "Our Story". Letters to a Young Arbitrator. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
- ^ "Pem C. Tshering". www.sidley.com. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
- ^ "White & Case Marks the Opening of the First Law School in the Kingdom of Bhutan | White & Case LLP". www.whitecase.com. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
- ^ "Bar Council of Bhutan - About Us". www.barcouncilofbhutan.gov.bt. Retrieved 2023-01-09.
- ^ "Biography:HER EXCELLENCY MRS HAYATI SALLEH ATTORNEY GENERAL BRUNEI DARUSSALAM".
- ^ "Princess Hjh Masna presents eight women with special achievement awards". sultanate.com. August 20, 2008. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
- ^ Sidhu, Jatswan S. (2016-12-20). Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442264595.
- ^ House, Freedom (2013-10-10). Freedom in the World 2013: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442225671.
- ^ Berhormat, Yang (2018). "DATIN SERI PADUKA HAJAH HAYATI BINTI POKSDSP HAJI MOHD SALLEH ATTORNEY GENERAL" (PDF). KEY NOTE SPEECH AT INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY EVENT (2018): ‘PRESS FOR PROGRESS’.
- ^ "History made as Brunei welcomes first female Law Society president". The Star. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ a b c Strong, Anna Louise (1965). Some Background on United States in Vietnam and Laos: Excerpts from Letter from China. M. Russell.
- ^ a b c Strong, Anna Louise (1963). Letters from China: Letter no. 21-30. New World Press.
- ^ a b c "Giới thiệu :: Đoàn luật sư Tp. Hồ Chí Minh". hcmcbar.org. Retrieved 2017-11-11.
- ^ a b c Luật sư Nguyễn Hữu Thọ: người con tận trung với nước tận hiếu với dân (in Vietnamese). Nhà xuất bản Chính trị quốc gia. 1998.
- ^ "គណៈមេធាវីនៃព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា". www.bakc.org.kh (in Khmer). Retrieved 2017-12-29.
- ^ » លោកស្រី គិម សត្ថាវី ចៅក្រមតុលាការកំពូល ទទួលបានការបំពាក់គ្រឿងឥស្សរិយយ សឡាឡេស្យុងដោនឺរ ថ្នាក់អស្សឫទ្ធិ. www.akp.gov.kh (in Khmer). Retrieved 2018-04-27.
- ^ លោកស្រី គិម សត្ថាវី ចៅក្រមតុលាការកំពូលខ្មែរបានទទួលគ្រឿងឥស្សរិយយសពីបារាំង [Ms. Kim Sothaw, Supreme Court Judge, received the Order of France]. ThmeyThmey.com (in Khmer). Retrieved 2018-04-27.
- ^ "Sathavy Kim. Ecrire pour effacer les cauchemars - Le Télégramme". 2022-03-29. Archived from the original on 2022-03-29. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ "Constitutional Council of Cambodia". www.ccc.gov.kh. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
- ^ Laidlaw, Anais Kedgley (2014). "REFLECTIONS ON DAME SILVIA CARTWRIGHT'S ROLE AT THE KHMER ROUGE TRIBUNAL" (PDF). Victoria University of Wellington Law Review.
- ^ "Cambodia Trial 2 | AP Archive". www.aparchive.com. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
- ^ "Former Judicial Officers and Legal Representatives". www.eccc.gov.kh. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
- ^ ច័ន្ទនីដា, ឆាយ. លោកស្រី ជា លាង ជាព្រះរាជអាជ្ញាស្ត្រីទី ១ មានការតែងតាំងពីមហាក្សត្រ | ភ្នំពេញ ប៉ុស្ដិ៍. www.postkhmer.com (in Khmer). Retrieved 2020-03-28.
- ^ "Recent Developments at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia: March 2010 Update" (PDF). Open Society Institute. March 2010.
- ^ a b Szto, Mary (Spring 2009). "Gender and the Chinese Legal Profession in Historical Perspective: From Heaven and Earth to Rule of Woman?". Texas Journal of Women and the Law. 18: 195.
- ^ Failinger, Marie; Schiltz, Elizabeth; Stabile, Susan J. (2016-04-15). Feminism, Law, and Religion. Routledge. ISBN 9781317135791.
- ^ "Tcheng Yu-hsiu: China's First Female Judge – All China Women's Federation". womenofchina.cn. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
- ^ Women lawyers' journal. 1943.
- ^ Murison, Doris Nohren (1943). "North East West South". Women Law. J. 29: 27.
- ^ Woollacott, Angela (2006-01-24). Gender and Empire. Macmillan International Higher Education. ISBN 978-0-230-20485-0.
- ^ "FIRST CHINESE WOMAN". The Register. Adelaide. 1926-12-31. p. 13. Retrieved 2020-05-13.
- ^ "The First Chinese Woman to pass the final examination for admission as a solicitor in England". Retrieved 2020-05-13 – via Papers Past.
- ^ "最高人民法院（1983年－1988年）_中国人大网". www.npc.gov.cn. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
- ^ 中华人民共和国最高人民法院公报 (in Chinese). 中华人民共和国最高人民法院办公厅. 1995.
- ^ Service, United States Foreign Broadcast Information (1992). Daily Report: People's Republic of China. National Technical Information Service.
- ^ "第一位女大检察官——胡克惠". www.cnwomen.com.cn. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
- ^ "First Chinese female judge sworn in at ICJ". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2018-10-03.
- ^ "First Woman Lawyer in Tibet".
- ^ "Yangjen: Tibet's First Female Lawyer – All China Women's Federation". www.womenofchina.cn. Archived from the original on 2018-03-16. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
- ^ a b "Singapore Women's Hall of Fame – Teo Soon Kim". swhf.sg. Retrieved 2017-09-26.
- ^ Cooper, Sunny (September 2014). "The Women behind the Men At Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall" (PDF). Museums: Women – Their Lives, Their Achievements. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-27.
- ^ "Then & now: in the name of the law". 30 June 2013. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
- ^ "The First Ladies". Hong Kong's First. Retrieved 2017-09-27.
- ^ "Speech by CS at the International Women's Summit (English only) (with photos/video)". www.info.gov.hk. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
- ^ "The Magistrates". Crime, Justice and Punishment in Colonial Hong Kong. 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
- ^ 崔志英; Chui, Marjorie (2000). 剛正不阿: 一位香港殖民地時代的華人法官之反思 (in Chinese). 明報出版社有限公司. ISBN 9789629734329.
- ^ 明報月刊 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 明報有限公司. 1999.
- ^ Hutton, Mercedes (2019-10-25). "'Sex has nothing to do with it', said Hong Kong's first female judge Helen Lo". South China Morning Post.
- ^ Wu, Anna (2001-05-09). Empowering Women of Hong Kong (Speech). The Installation Ceremony of the Zonta Club of Hong Kong. Hong Kong.
- ^ "Judicial Appointment". info.gov.hk. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
- ^ "The Hon Mrs Justice Doreen Le Pichon GBS JA - Law, 1965". st-hildas.ox.ac.uk. 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
- ^ "Anna Lai set to become Hong Kong's first female public prosecutor to be elevated to senior counsel". South China Morning Post. 2016-03-23. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
- ^ "Chief Exec. Carrie Lam hails 'historic moment' as Hong Kong set to welcome first female judges to top court | Hong Kong Free Press HKFP". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. 2018-03-22. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
- ^ "Hong Kong's Law Society appoints first female president". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2018-10-05.
- ^ Appointment of Vice-President of the Court of Appeal of the High Court
- ^ "Maggie Yang Mei-kei appointed as head of prosecution". The Standard. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
- ^ "Amélia António". Hoje Macau (in European Portuguese). November 29, 2018. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ do Mar, Diana (2014-02-18). "Uma Mulher de Causas". Revista Macau. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ "Associação dos Advogados de Macau | 30 anos de adaptação a novos tempos". Hoje Macau (in European Portuguese). 2021-05-20. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ "律政女強人". Business Intelligence Monthly Magazine. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ "Sonia Chan Hoi Fan". Macau News. Retrieved 2018-06-19.
- ^ "First top female judge appointed". Macau Daily Times. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
- ^ "Former public prosecutor sworn in as Macau's first top female judge | Macau News". Macau News. 2012-01-05. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
- ^ Young, Simon N. M.; Ghai, Yash (2013-12-12). Hong Kong's Court of Final Appeal: The Development of the Law in China's Hong Kong. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107276475.
- ^ "Juíza Maria Natércia Gusmão Pereira em campanha para a eleição para o Tribunal Penal Internacional, em Nova Iorque « Governo de Timor-Leste". timor-leste.gov.tl. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
- ^ da Silva Almeida, Vicente (2017). "A Participação das Mulherestimorenses Na Vida Política Depoisda Independência (2002–2015)" (PDF). Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras.
- ^ "Correction ETLJB Chief Judicial Officer of Timor-Leste Incumbent is SE Dr Deolindo dos Santos". www.easttimorlawandjusticebulletin.com. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
- ^ "Parliament elects Maria Natercia Pereira as permanent judge for Court of Appeal". www.easttimorlawandjusticebulletin.com. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
- ^ Rimmer, Susan Harris (2010-02-25). Gender and Transitional Justice: The Women of East Timor. Routledge. ISBN 9781135272456.
- ^ "Procuradores-Gerais anteriores – ANA PESSOA". www.mp.tl (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-06-01.
- ^ "Gendermediate.org.ge - Nino (Ninutsa) Kipiani - Lawyer, public figure". gendermediator.ge. Archived from the original on 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
- ^ ფერიდე ნიჟარაძე – პირველი მუსლიმი ქალი აჭარაში უმაღლესი განათლებით | Batumelebi. ნეტგაზეთი (in Georgian). Retrieved 2017-10-15.
- ^ Ბრეგვაძე, Ათინა. "ფერიდე ნიჟარაძე — გაიცანით პირველი მოსამართლე ქალი საქართველოში". ჟურნალი თორმეტი. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
- ^ "მოკლე ისტორია". საქართველოს საკონსტიტუციო სასამართლო. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
- ^ "Ms. Justice Lamara Chorgolashvili". Constitutional Court of Georgia. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
- ^ "საქართველოს ბედი ეკონომიკაში წყდ". experti.ge. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
- ^ "საქართველოს სახალხო დამცველები". ombudsman.ge. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
- ^ "Ткешелашвили, Эка". Retrieved 2018-03-18.
- ^ მჭედლიშვილი, ნონა (20 March 2015). უზენაეს სასამართლოს ახალი თავმჯდომარე ჰყავს. რადიო თავისუფლება (in Georgian). Retrieved 2018-06-06.
- ^ უზენაესი სასამართლოს ახალი თავმჯდომარე უფლებამოსილების შესრულებას შეუდგა. Civil.ge (in Georgian). 2015-03-24. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
- ^ a b "Судьи Арбитражного суда Республики Абхазия". as-ra.org. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
- ^ a b "Газета "Республика Абхазия" | Главная". gazeta-ra.info. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
- ^ a b "Судьи Конституционного суда Абхазии приняли присягу". apsnypress.info. Archived from the original on 2019-07-30. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
- ^ a b "РАУЛЬ ХАДЖИМБА ПРИЗВАЛ ДЕПУТАТОВ ПАРЛАМЕНТА БОЛЕЕ ОТВЕТСТВЕННО ПОДХОДИТЬ К РАССМОТРЕНИЮ ВАЖНЫХ ДЛЯ ГОСУДАРСТВА ВОПРОСОВ". abkhazinform.com (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-07-30.
- ^ a b "Людмила Ходжашвили избрана председателем Конституционного суда Абхазии". apsadgil.info. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
- ^ "Первая женщина юрист и адвокат Абхазии, первая женщина режиссер Абхазии". Пусть говорятс и Андрей Малахов прямой эфир смотреть передачи онлайн. Retrieved 2017-10-14.
- ^ "Алла Авидзба награждена орденом "Ахьдз-Апша" второй степени". presidentofabkhazia.org (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-03-22.
- ^ "История прокуратуры в лицах". Генеральная прокуратура Республики Южная Осетия.
- ^ "Джиоева Ольга Семеновна: Прокурор Юго-Осетинской автономной области 1.03.1938 —12.10.1948". Генеральная прокуратура Республики Южная Осетия.
- ^ Jus Suffragii: Monthly Organ of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. The Alliance. 1915.
- ^ Brinks, Ellen (2016-04-15). Anglophone Indian Women Writers, 1870–1920. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-18090-6.
- ^ "Mithan Tata 1898 – 1981 | First 100 Years". first100years.org.uk. 19 October 2016. Retrieved 2017-09-28.
- ^ ABPL. "Remembering the first ever Indian female barrister in the UK..." www.asian-voice.com. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
- ^ History of Services of the Gazetted Officers of the Travancore-Cochin State. Government Central Press. 1955.
- ^ Samyukta: A Journal of Women's Studies. Women's Initiatives. 2003.
- ^ "Manu and the 'muse'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on June 7, 2016. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
- ^ "'Manu and the 'muse'". The Telegraph India. 4 June 2016. Archived from the original on June 7, 2016.
- ^ Honouring National Leaders: Statues and Portraits in Parliament Complex. Lok Sabha Secretariat. 2011.
- ^ "Fathima Beevi, India's First Female Supreme Court Judge, Just Turned 90". Huffington Post India. 2017-05-02. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
- ^ Grover, Anju. "She never lost sight of her goal". Tribune India.
- ^ "5th August 1991: Justice Leila Seth Becomes the First Indian Woman Chief Justice of a state High Court -". What Happened on This Day in History - Maps of India. 2013-08-05. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ "विक्रम सेठ की मां पूर्व न्यायाधीश लीला सेठ का निधन". BBC News हिंदी (in Hindi). Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ "UPDATE: Gov't confirms VINO story on DDP appointment | Virgin Islands News Online". www.virginislandsnewsonline.com. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ "Indira Jaising becomes the first woman Additional-Solicitor General | Wellesley Centers for Women". www.wcwonline.org. Retrieved 2023-01-09.
- ^ "International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Lettre d'information 2020/2". www.itlos.org. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
- ^ "Collegium recommends Indu Malhotra, KM Joseph J. for appointment to Supreme Court". Bar and Bench – Indian Legal news. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
- ^ "ಸಮಾಜಕ್ಕೆ ಮಿಡಿಯುವ ಮನ ಇಂದು ಮಲ್ಹೋತ್ರಾ". Vijaya Karnataka (in Kannada). Retrieved 2021-02-24.
- ^ "Nederlands-Indië had eerste vrouw die als rechter optrad in Koninkrijk". Radboud Universiteit (in Dutch). Retrieved 2021-03-23.
- ^ Amsterdam, Universiteit van. "Geschiedenis van drie generaties vrouwen leidt tot nalatenschap van vier miljoen – Amsterdams Universiteitsfonds" (in Dutch). auf.nl. Retrieved 2017-12-02.
- ^ "Geschiedenis van Drie Generaties Vrouwen Leidt Tot Nalatenschap van Vier Miljoen". Spui 44: Alumnimagazine van de Universiteit van Amsterdam. January 2016. Retrieved 2017-12-02.
- ^ Kahin, George (April 1989). "In Memoriam: Maria Ullfah Soebadio, 1911–1988". Indonesia. 47: 118–120.
- ^ Olsen, Kirstin (1994-01-01). Chronology of Women's History. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-313-28803-6.
- ^ "Waspada, Rabu 26 Agustus". Issuu. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
- ^ Martyn, Elizabeth (2004-11-10). The Women's Movement in Postcolonial Indonesia: Gender and Nation in a New Democracy. Routledge. ISBN 9781134394708.
- ^ Salim, Arskal (2013). "Gendering the Islamic Judiciary: Female Judges in the Religious Courts of Indonesia". Journal al Jamiah. 51 (2): 247.
- ^ Convention sur l'élimination Distr. de toutes les formes de discrimination GÉNÉRALE à l'égard des femmes: Election, conformément aux paragraphes 4 et 5 de l'article 17 de la coWention, de 12 membres du Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination à l'égard des femmes, en vue de remplacer les membres dont le mandat arrive à expiration le 15 avril 1994 (1994). CEDAW.
- ^ "Kartini di Meja Hijau, Siapa Takut?". hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). 2011-04-21. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
- ^ M.Hum, Dr Hj Djazimah Muqoddas, S. H. (2011-01-01). Kontroversi Hakim Perempuan Pada Peradilan Islam Di Negara-Negara Muslim (in Indonesian). Lkis Pelangi Aksara. ISBN 9789792553444.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Nurlaelawati, Euis; Salim, Arskal (2017). "Female Judges at Indonesian Religious Courtrooms: Opportunities and Challenges to Gender Equality" (PDF).
- ^ According to Nurlaelawati and Salim (2017), Mrs. Prayitno's first name is unknown.
- ^ Morgan, Robin (2016-03-08). Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology. Open Road Media. ISBN 9781504033244.
- ^ Sonneveld, Nadia; Lindbekk, Monika (2017-03-27). Women Judges in the Muslim World: A Comparative Study of Discourse and Practice. BRILL. ISBN 9789004342200.
- ^ Irving, Helen (2017-06-30). Constitutions and Gender. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781784716967.
- ^ "Badan Diklat Kejaksaan RI". badiklat.kejaksaan.go.id. Retrieved 2023-01-24.
- ^ "Mariana Sutadi: Perempuan Pertama di Kursi Wakil Ketua MA". hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). 2014-06-17. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- ^ "The long wait in Indonesia for a female chief justice in a top court". www.lowyinstitute.org. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- ^ Irving, Helen (2017-06-30). Constitutions and Gender. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781784716967.
- ^ "نخستین وکیل زنی که نتوانست وکالت کند". خبرآنلاین (in Persian). 2017-07-15. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
- ^ "*افزايش درصد زنان وكيل حاصل تلاش اين سه زن* خديجه كشاورز، كاترين سعيدخانيان و مهرانگيز منوچهريان؛ اولين وكلاي زن ايران". ایسنا (in Persian). 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
- ^ Paidar, Parvin (1997-07-24). Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59572-8.
- ^ Keshavarz's ability to practice law was likely hindered. Whereas, Khanian either practiced as a lawyer in the Soviet Union or France.
- ^ a b "۱۰۰ زن نخست ایران در حوزههای مختلف". BBC News فارسی (in Persian). 2013-10-10. Retrieved 2022-06-09.
- ^ "قضاوت زنان در ایران، ۴۸ سال پر از پیشرفت و پسرفت". iranwire.com (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-06-09.
- ^ "Shirin Ebadi Iran". Nobel Women's Initiative. Retrieved 2022-07-22.
- ^ "Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice | Shirin Ebadi". law.utexas.edu. Retrieved 2022-07-22.
- ^ "Iran's First Female Judge Talks of Her Experiences". IFP News. 2018-12-22. Retrieved 2019-01-09.
- ^ "اولین معاون دادستان زن در کشور: در قضاوت فرقی میان زنان و مردان نیست". جهان صنعت نیوز (in Persian). 2018-12-02. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
- ^ Lake, Evie (March 28, 2023). "Newcastle born employment lawyer Nadia Motraghi makes history as she's appointed King's Counsel". NewcastleWorld.
- ^ المجيد الفقي, محمد عبد (March 15, 2010). "المرأة من السياسة إلى الرئاسة". Arabic Magazine. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ Fernea, Elizabeth Warnock (2010-12-29). In Search of Islamic Feminism. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 9780307773852.
- ^ Hassoun, Amer Badr (2018). "صبيحة الشيخ داود.. لبنت الوحيدة بين 200 طالب". IMN Magazine.
- ^ Rubin, Barry (2015-03-17). The Middle East: A Guide to Politics, Economics, Society and Culture. Routledge. ISBN 9781317455776.
- ^ "نساء من بلدي .. صبيحة الشيخ داوود أول قاضية في العراق والوطن العربي". شبكة انباء العراق (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ Fernea, Elizabeth Warnock (2010-12-29). In Search of Islamic Feminism. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-77385-2.
- ^ "الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - المحاميـات العراقيـات الرائـدات". algardenia.com. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- ^ "أمينة الرحال.. من رائدات الحركة النسائية وأول من قادت سيارة". كتابات (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- ^ Baban, Venerable (2011). "رائدات العلوم والفنون والآداب". Narjes Magazine.
- ^ Halperin-Kaddari, Ruth; Katvan, Eyal (1 March 2009), Rosa Ginossar, Jewish Women's Archive, retrieved 2016-11-16
- ^ "מידע אישי על השופטים – קורות חיים של אוגניה וינוגרדוב". elyon1.court.gov.il. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
- ^ "אוגניה וינוגרדוב | היא-סטוריה". herstory.co.il (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2018-02-24.
- ^ "Miriam Ben-Porat | Israeli judge and government official". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
- ^ "Dorit Beinisch | Jewish Women's Archive". jwa.org. Retrieved 2019-04-15.
- ^ "Israel has appointed its first female judge to a Muslim religious court". Newsweek. 2017-04-26. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
- ^ "Israel appoints first female judge to Sharia Court". Retrieved 2017-12-14.
- ^ "Une femme ultra-orthodoxe nommée juge à Jérusalem – une première | The Times of Israël". fr.timesofisrael.com (in French). Retrieved 2018-05-12.
- ^ Hovel, Revital (2018-05-11). "Lawyer Becomes Israel's First-ever Female Druze Judge". Haaretz. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
- ^ "First female prosecutor from the Bedouin Society". GOV.IL. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
- ^ "הממשלה אישרה פה אחד: גלי בהרב-מיארה מונתה ליועצת המשפטית לממשלה". ערוץ 7 (in Hebrew). 7 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-03-30.
- ^ "First Arab Muslim, Mizrahi woman appointed to Supreme Court". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
- ^ Ashour, Radwa; Ghazoul, Ferial; Reda-Mekdashi, Hasna (2008-11-01). Arab Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide, 1873-1999. American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-1-61797-554-7.
- ^ Al Husseini, Jalal; Signoles, Aude (2011-01-23). Les Palestiniens entre Etat et diaspora. Le temps des incertitudes (in French). Karthala Editions. ISBN 9782811149802.
- ^ "Ratio of female judges rose to 18% in 2014 — report". Jordan Times. 2015-08-26. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
- ^ Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies. Published under the auspices of the Pakistan American Foundation. 2002.
- ^ "تغريد حكمت أول قاضية عربية في المحكمة الجنائية الدولية: قهرتُ التقاليد والسرطان". Laha Magazine. 2017-03-10. Retrieved 2021-02-20.
- ^ "تغريد حكمت أول سيدة عضوا في المحكمة الدستورية". مدار الساعة (in Arabic). Retrieved 2022-11-09.
- ^ "Barakat becomes first female Cassation Court judge". Jordan Times. 2018-01-25. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
- ^ "Jordan's female attorney general challenges tradition". The National. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
- ^ "Jordan Names First Woman Chief District Attorney". Associated Press. 2015-03-26. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
- ^ "Jordan names first woman chief district attorney - Breaking News - Jerusalem Post". www.jpost.com. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
- ^ Certain 2010 sources referred to Barakat as the "Chief District Attorney" whereas others stated "Attorney General".
- ^ "القاضي عهود عبدالله المجالي أول مدعي عام إمرأة في الاردن". وكالة عمون الاخبارية. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
- ^ "مدعي عام عمّان يباشر التحقيق بالشكوى المقدمة ضد زهران". وكالة عمون الاخبارية. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
- ^ "(بالصور) .. نجل رئيس الوزراء الدكتور عبدالله النسور يهاجم شخصيات بارزة". كل الاردن. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
- ^ "الجبور أول سيدة قاضيا في محكمة جنائية في الأردن". www.jordanzad.com. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
- ^ Мостовая, Екатерина (8 March 2018). "Казахская Клара Цеткин, 27-летняя глава Верховного суда и первая журналистка — феминизм Казахстана в лицах". Newtimes – последние новости Казахстана (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-05-31.
- ^ "Chairmen of the Supreme Court of Kazakhstan". Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
- ^ "History of the Supreme Court of Kazakhstan". Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
- ^ "Человек-легенда". Жайық Пресс (in Russian). 2022-09-20. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
- ^ "Первая в Казахстане женщина-генерал стала сенатором". Kapital.kz (in Russian). July 17, 2017.
- ^ Петров, Артем (June 5, 2013). "В Казахстане появилась первая женщина-генерал". KTK.kz.
- ^ "Что то пошло не так". www.inform.kz (in Russian). May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Қазақстан Республикасында конституциялық бақылау институтының қалыптасуы мен дамуының ерекшелiктерi | Скачать Реферат". stud.kz. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
- ^ Săbitova, Zhansai͡a (1998). Zhan zharasy zhazylar-au-- (in Kazakh). Qazaqstan. ISBN 9785766756521.
- ^ "Экономический Суд Содружества Независимых Государств - Экс-судьи Экономического Суда СНГ -". www.sudsng.org. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
- ^ Schultz, Ulrike; Shaw, Gisela (2003). Women in the World's Legal Professions. Hart Publishing. ISBN 9781841133195.
- ^ Association, American Bar (June 1975). ABA Journal. American Bar Association.
- ^ Miyazawa, Setsuo; Ji, Weidong; Fukurai, Hiroshi; Chan, Kay-Wah; Vanhullebusch, Matthias (2015-03-13). East Asia's Renewed Respect for the Rule of Law in the 21st Century: The Future of Legal and Judicial Landscapes in East Asia. Hotei Publishing. ISBN 9789004274204.
- ^ 이종하 (2013-10-08). 4월의 모든 역사 – 한국사 (in Korean). 디오네. ISBN 9788998241759.
- ^ Kim, Haesook. "Opening of the Judiciary in Korea: Hwang Yun-suk and the Pioneer Women Judges from 1952–1990" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Law and Society Association, Berlin, Germany, Jul 25, 2007. 2013-12-15 (http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p181618_index.html[permanent dead link])
- ^ Scalapino, Robert A.; Lee, Chong-Sik (1972-01-01). Communism in Korea: The society. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02274-4.
- ^ "최초의 여성_콘텐츠 | 안산시 여성정보". www.ansan.go.kr. Retrieved 2019-06-06.
- ^ a b c "'최초'의 여성 법조인들". news.chosun.com (in Korean). 2005-02-15. Retrieved 2019-06-06.
- ^ 수정: 2018.08.23 15:10, 입력: 2018 08 02 06:00 (2018-08-23). "나는 여성 판사가 아니라 그냥 판사입니다". news.khan.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2019-06-06.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "곧 여성 대법관도 나올 거라구요". news.chosun.com (in Korean). 2003-08-23. Retrieved 2019-06-06.
- ^ "정치 본격 나선 황교안 前 총리…'여성 첫 법무장관' 강금실". hankyung.com (in Korean). 2019-01-15. Retrieved 2019-06-06.
- ^ "Woman joins highest court". Korea JoongAng Daily. 23 August 2004. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
- ^ "S.K. to get first woman high court judge". UPI. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
- ^ 이하나 / 여성신문 기자 (2013-03-27). "이정미 재판관, 여성 최초 헌재소장 권한대행". 여성신문 (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-11-22.
- ^ Miyazawa, Setsuo; Ji, Weidong; Fukurai, Hiroshi; Chan, Kay-Wah; Vanhullebusch, Matthias (2015-03-13). East Asia's Renewed Respect for the Rule of Law in the 21st Century: The Future of Legal and Judicial Landscapes in East Asia. Hotei Publishing. ISBN 978-90-04-27420-4.
- ^ Chaitali B. Roy (20 April 2015). "Law shouldn't discriminate on nationality, gender". Retrieved 2016-10-05 – via PressReader.
- ^ a b Schultz, Ulrike; Shaw, Gisela; Thornton, Margaret; Auchmuty, Rosemary (2021-02-25). Gender and Careers in the Legal Academy. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5099-2313-7.
- ^ "الكويت فقدت سعاد الجاسم صاحبة البسمة الدائمة والرائدة في المحاماة والقانون – القبس الإلكتروني". القبس الإلكتروني (in Arabic). Retrieved 2018-10-04.
- ^ "انطلاق مؤتمر "من الكويت نبدأ.. وإلى الكويت ننتهي" الرابع عشر 27 الجاري" (in Arabic). Retrieved 2018-10-04.
- ^ Saddānī, Nūrīyah (1972). Tārīkh al-marʼah al-Kuwaytīyah: min mudhakkirātī khilāl sabʻat ʻashar ʻāman wa-niṣf, 1963-1980 (in Arabic). N. Sadānī.
- ^ "الكلية تنصب 14 قاضية لأول مرة في تاريخ القضاء الكويتي بينهم 7 يرأسن دوائر جنح". العنوان (in Arabic). Retrieved 2022-06-04.
- ^ الخبر, كتب; العبدالله, حسين (14 June 2021). "منيرة نبيل الوقيان أول وكيلة نيابة تترافع أمام محكمة الجنايات". www.aljarida.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 2022-06-04.
- ^ "المرأة وكيلة نيابة.. رسمياً". alwatan.kuwait.tt. November 4, 2014. Retrieved 2023-01-12.
- ^ "Кыдырбаева Фатима Чапиевна (1942-1947) | Кыргыз Республикасынын Жогорку Соту". jogorku.sot.kg (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-02-21.
- ^ a b "Экономический Суд Содружества Независимых Государств - Судьи Экономического Суда СНГ -". www.sudsng.org. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
- ^ Collins, Kathleen (2006-04-03). Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 229. ISBN 9781139461771.
- ^ "Judges". Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme court of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2013-08-05. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
- ^ Tatic, Sanja; Walker, Christopher (2006). Countries at the Crossroads: A Survey of Democratic Governance. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780742558014.
- ^ Геннадьевич, Дмитрий. "Акыйкатчы Атыр Абдрахматова: "Адам укуктарынын ишке ашырылы бардык чөйрөдө ыңгайлуу, жеткиликтүү болуш керек. Мамлекеттик, муниципалдык кызматкерлер эл менен түздөн түз иштөөнү заманбап мүмкүнчүлүктөрдү колдонушун камсыз кылганга милдеттүү"". Ombudsman (in Kongo). Retrieved 2023-01-24.
- ^ a b "Women, power, and politics: milestones from Lebanon". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
- ^ "Beirut Bar Association-The Bar-About the Bar- Introduction". bba.org.lb. Retrieved 2017-10-08.
- ^ "nina ou la quête de l'impossible". goodreads.com. Retrieved 2017-10-11.