Luis José de Orbegoso

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Luis José de Orbegoso
Portrait by José Gil de Castro
5th President of Peru
In office December 21, 1833 – February 23, 1835
Preceded by	Agustín Gamarra
Succeeded by	Felipe Santiago Salaverry
1st President of North Peru
In office 21 August 1837 – 30 July 1838
Preceded by	(Republic created)
Succeeded by	José de la Riva Agüero
1st President of North Peru
In office 30 July 1838 – 21 August 1838
Preceded by	(Republic created)
Succeeded by	Agustín Gamarra (as President of Peru)
Personal details
Born	August 25, 1795[1][2] Chuquizongo, Huamachuco
Died	February 5, 1847(1847-02-05) (aged 51)[1] Trujillo, Peru
Nationality	Peruvian
Profession	Soldier

Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada-Galindo, de Burutarán y Morales (August 25, 1795^[2][1] – February 5, 1847^[1]), was an aristocratic Peruvian soldier and politician, who served as the 5th President of Peru as well as the first President of North Peru. This was a time of profound social instability and continuing civil war which led his government to coexist with that of Pedro Pablo Bermúdez, and later with Felipe Santiago Salaverry.

Orbegoso was born in Chuquizongo, Huamachuco, on August 25, 1795. His parents were Justo de Orbegoso y Burutarán and Francisca Moncada-Galindo y Morales, 4th countess of Olmos. Orbegoso was therefore the 5th count of Olmos.^[2] He participated with José de San Martín in the war for independence and in the war against Gran Colombia during the government of José de La Mar. After the collapse of Agustín Gamarra's first government, Orbegoso was elected president in 1833, winning over Pedro Pablo Bermúdez, whom Gamarra had preferred as his successor.

During his government, he suffered the enmity of Gamarra, who while in exile had supported Bermúdez in his eventual presidency. Orbegoso had also to deal with the young Felipe Santiago Salaverry, who overthrew him 1835. Orbegoso, however, did not lose the support of southern Peru and, with the support of then President of Bolivia, Andrés de Santa Cruz, he regained his leadership throughout the country and executed Salaverry. In retribution to the support he received from Santa Cruz, he acceded to form the new Peru-Bolivian Confederacy. Santa Cruz assumed the "Supreme Protectorship" of the confederation and Orbegoso maintained only the presidency of the Republic of North Peru.

After being defeated by Gamarra's efforts to regain power with the support of Chile, Orbegoso had to abandon the country, returning later and staying away from an active political life. He died in Trujillo in 1847.

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  1842 painting by Ignacio Merino, depicting Orbegoso's 1834 entry into Lima during the Peruvian Civil War
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  19th-century depiction of Orbegoso