Martiros Khan Davidkhanian

Martiros Khan Davidkhanian
Martiros Davidkhanian, Nor Jugha, Iran
Chief of Staff, Persian Cossack Brigade
Commander of the Royal Guard of the Qajar Court
Personal details
Born	1843
Died	1905 Saint George Church of Tehran
Relations	See Davidkhanian family
Alma mater	Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages
Awards	Order of Saint Anna
Military service
Allegiance	Imperial Iranian Army Imperial Russian Army
Years of service	1873 - 1905
Rank	General

Martiros Khan Davidkhanian (1843-1905) was an Iranian general, philanthropist, professor, the Chief of Staff of the Persian Cossack Brigade, Amir Touman and the Commander of the Royal Guard of the Qajar Court.^[1] He taught Russian to Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, the King of Iran.^[2]

Martiros was born in Isfahan in 1843. He studied at the Lazarev Institute in Moscow, graduating with honors. He then returned to Iran where he began teaching Russian and French at the Dar ul-Funun school, the first modern university of higher learning in Iran. He taught there for thirty-two years.^[3]

Ahmad Shah with his ministers and courtiers

In 1873 Martiros began to work as a General in the Persian army, while serving as a translator of French and Russian in the Ministry of Publications and Special Governmental Translation Office. In 1879, when the Russian officers took over the training of the Persian Cossack Brigade, Martiros began working for the Brigade as a translator. Martiros persistently rose through the ranks until attaining the rank of Raiss-e` Arkan-e Harb, which loosely means the Head of Battle Columns.^[4] It was with this rank that he was appointed Chief of Staff of the Persian Cossack Brigade, a position he held for twenty-six years.^[5] Towards the end of the Qajar era, Martiros became Commander of the Royal Guard of the Qajar Court.^[6]

Martiros donated a large tract of land to the Armenian community of Iran, upon which was built a church and a private school named Koushesh. Martiros also built an orphanage in Isfahan, and was known for his sizable donations to many Armenian charities.^[7] He built a large bathhouse behind one of his mansions for the exclusive use of the Armenians of Tehran. This offer was very generous to the community because at the time, Armenians were considered unclean by the Muslims, and were forbidden to use the city's public bathhouses. The people called the bathhouse 'the Emir's bathouse.'^[8]

When his daughter Maryam Davidkhanian married Alexander Khan Setkhanian, the Commander-in-Chief of the army, Martiros added a vast mansion-compound on the oldest street in Iran to her dowry. The main building had fifty rooms. There were also many separate buildings for family members on the property, as well as a lily pond, four tennis courts, stables for the horses, and a rose garden.^[9]

Martiros has been referred to as 'Madros' by most writers, and held the aristocratic title of Sardar, and the military titles of Amir Tuman, commander of ten thousand, and Arteshbod.^[10][11] He was honored with the Order of St. Anne, St. Stanislaus, Saint Anna, St. George, and St. Vladimir, and was buried in the Saint George Church of Tehran.^[12] He had three sons, including General Eskandar Khan Davidkhanian.^[13]