Messerschmitt KR200

Messerschmitt KR200
Overview
Manufacturer	Messerschmitt
Also called	Kabinenroller, Karo
Production	1955–1964 approximately 41,190 built
Assembly	Germany: Regensburg
Designer	Fritz Fend
Body and chassis
Class	Microcar
Body style	1-door coupé 1-door convertible 1-door roadster
Layout	Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Platform	Messerschmitt Kabinenroller
Doors	Canopy
Related	Messerschmitt KR175 Messerschmitt KR201 (roadster) FMR Tg500
Powertrain
Engine	191 cc Fichtel & Sachs two-stroke single cylinder, operable in both directions of crankshaft rotation
Power output	10 hp (7.5 kW)
Transmission	Four speeds forward or reverse (depending on engine rotation), sequential, unsynchronized.
Dimensions
Wheelbase	202.9 cm (79.9 in) [1]
Length	281.9 cm (111.0 in) [1]
Width	121.9 cm (48.0 in)[1]
Height	119.9 cm (47.2 in)[1]
Curb weight	230 kg (507 lb) (curb)[1]
Chronology
Predecessor	Messerschmitt KR175

The Messerschmitt KR200, or Kabinenroller (Cabin Scooter), is a three-wheeled bubble car designed by the aircraft engineer Fritz Fend and produced in the factory of the West German aircraft manufacturer Messerschmitt from 1955 until 1964.

Messerschmitt, temporarily not allowed to manufacture aircraft, had turned its resources to making other products. In 1952, Fend approached Messerschmitt with the idea of manufacturing small motor vehicles.^[2] These were based on his Fend Flitzer invalid carriage.^[3]

The first of Fend's vehicles to enter production at Messerschmitt's Regensburg factory was the KR175.^[4] The title Kabinenroller means "scooter with cabin".^[5] While the Messerschmitt name and insignia were used on the car, a separate company, incorporated as Regensburger Stahl- und Metallbau GmbH, was created to manufacture and market the vehicle.^[4]

The KR200 replaced the KR175 in 1955.^[4] While using the same basic frame as the KR175,^[6] the KR200 was otherwise an almost total redesign, with changes to the bodywork (notably including wheel cutouts in the front fenders), and an improved canopy design,^[7] while the rear suspension and engine mounting were reworked, and hydraulic shock absorbers were installed at all three wheels. Tire sizes were enlarged to 4.00×8.^[6]

Retailing for around DM 2,500, the KR200 was considered an instant success with almost 12,000 built during its first year,^[6][8] which was the highest annual production for Kabinenroller models.^[6] A maximum speed in excess of 90 km/h (56 mph)^[8] despite a claimed power output of only 10 PS (7.4 kW; 9.9 hp),^[8] 1 more PS than the 175 cc engine from the KR175,^[9] reflected the vehicle's light weight and low aerodynamic drag.^[10] The KR200, however, was 23 kg heavier than the KR175 it replaced but had a 10 km/h (6 mph) higher top speed.^[9] An "Export" package included a two-tone paint scheme, painted hubcaps, a fully trimmed interior, a heater, a clock, and a sunshade for the canopy.^[6]

In 1956, around a year after West Germany joined NATO, Messerschmitt was allowed to manufacture aircraft again and lost interest in Fend's microcars. Messerschmitt sold the Regensburg works to Fend who, with brake and hub supplier Valentin Knott [de], formed Fahrzeug- und Maschinenbau GmbH Regensburg (FMR) to continue production of the KR200 and his other vehicles.^[11][12] In 1957 the KR201 Roadster was launched and remained in production until 1964 with very limited numbers produced. It had a frameless windscreen with no window frames, an optional folding cloth roof and removable side curtains made from transparent plastic. In February 1958,^[13] the KR200 Kabrio Limousine model was released, featuring a cloth convertible top and fixed side window frames. A Sport model was later offered with a cut down plexiglas windscreen with no roof and with fixed side panels so that the driver would have to climb in and out at the top of the car.^[11] Production of the Sport was extremely limited and, apart from the KR200 'Super' (see below) it is the rarest type of KR200.

Production of the KR200 was heavily reduced in 1962 and ceased in 1964.^[12] Sales had been dropping for a few years, as demand for basic economical transport in Germany diminished while the German economy boomed.^[14] A similar situation developed in other parts of Europe, such as in the manufacturer's biggest export destination, the United Kingdom, where sales were particularly affected and the Mini was becoming increasingly popular. A total of 30,286 units of the KR200 were built.^[9]

In 1955, in order to prove the KR200's durability, Messerschmitt prepared a KR200 to break the 24-hour speed record for three-wheeled vehicles under 250 cc (15.3 cu in). The record car had a special single-seat low-drag body and a highly modified engine, but the suspension, steering, and braking components were stock. Throttle, brake, and clutch cables were duplicated. The record car was run on 29–30 August 1955 at the Hockenheimring for 24 hours and broke 22 international speed records in its class, including the 24-hour speed record, which it set at 103 km/h (64 mph)^[6][15][16]

Messerschmitt, and subsequently FMR, made factory-converted Service Cars to order for the automobile service industry. Similar in concept to the Harley-Davidson Servi-Car and the Indian Dispatch Tow, the Service Car had a detachable tow bar and clamp, a revised front suspension to accommodate the tow bar when in use, and a storage system inside the car to accommodate the tow bar when not in use. The service technician would drive the Service Car to the customer's car and, if the customer's car was drivable, attach the tow bar to the front of the Service Car, clamp the other end of the tow bar to the bumper of the customer's car, and drive the customer's car to the garage. When the service was complete, he would drive the car back to the customer while towing the Service Car, detach the Service Car from the customer's car, and drive back to the garage. Approximately 12 were built; only one is known to exist at present.^[17]

The KR200 incorporated several features unique to the KR line and its four-wheeled derivative, the FMR Tg500. Externally, the narrow body, the transparent acrylic bubble canopy and low stance were among the more obvious features.

The narrow body, and corresponding low frontal area, was achieved with tandem seating, which also allowed the body to taper like an aircraft fuselage, within a practical length. 10 PS (7.4 kW; 9.9 hp) propelled the KR200 to around 105 km/h (65 mph). The claimed fuel consumption of the car was 3.2 L/100 km (87 mpg_‑imp).^[10]

The tandem seating also centralized the mass of the car along the longitudinal axis which, combined with the low center of gravity, low weight, and wheel placement at the vehicle's extremes, gave the KR200 good handling characteristics^[18] A more minor advantage of tandem seating was that it made an export version to countries that drive on the left unnecessary. An "Export" model was built, but this denoted a more luxurious trim level.^[6]

Entry to most KR models except the KR201 Sport Roadster and a corresponding Tg500 version was through a canopy door hinged on the right side of the vehicle. The door included all the windows (windshield, window frames on all but the Roadster models, folding top on Roadster and Kabrio models, and acrylic bubble on other versions) and the frame in which it was set, extending from the right side of the monocoque tub to the left. On Sport Roadster models, the canopy was fixed and there was neither a top nor any windows at all, only a tonneau cover.^[11]

The bubble top on the KR200 was simplified over that of the KR175 by the use of a larger curved glass windshield that formed A-pillars with the side window frames. This allowed the bubble to be simpler and more compact than the KR175 bubble, and it was consequently easier and less expensive to produce. The windshield wiper, manual on the KR175, was electric on the KR200.^[6]

The KR200 ran on a 191 cc (11.7 cu in) Fichtel & Sachs forced-air (fan) cooled^[19] single cylinder two-stroke engine positioned in front of the rear wheel,^[6] just behind the passenger's seat.^[3] The engine had two sets of contact breaker points and, to reverse, the engine was stopped and then restarted, going backwards. This was effected by pushing the key further in the ignition switch than normal, whether intentionally or not. One result of this was that the KR200's sequential, positive-stop transmission provided the car with the same four gear ratios available in reverse as in forward movement.^[6]

Apart from the dual-mode ignition, the KR200 had a steering bar reminiscent of that of an aircraft.^[4][18] To steer the KR200, the driver would swivel the steering bar about its axis from the horizontal (straight-ahead) position instead of rotating it as with a conventional steering wheel.^{[citation needed]} The mechanism was connected directly to the track rods of the front wheels, providing an extremely direct response best suited to small amounts of movement,^[4][18] unlike other common steering mechanisms which involved reduction gearing. The gearshift lever had a secondary lever on it which, when actuated, would put the car in neutral regardless of what gear it had been in before, although the transmission would have to be shifted back to first before the car would be able to move from a standstill.

Unlike the KR175, the KR200 had a full set of pedals: clutch, brake, and accelerator. The brake pedal still operated mechanical brakes using cables.^[6]

• Bubble car
• Canopy door
• Carver (automobile), another tandem-seating car
• Corbin Sparrow
• Heinkel Kabine
• Isetta
• List of microcars by country of origin
• Microcar
• Velorex

• Bobbitt, Malcolm (2003). Bubblecars and Microcars. Crowood Press. ISBN 1-86126-567-0.
• Cawthon, Bill (2008-03-01). "Fritz Fend's Marvelous Micro-cars". Cadabra. Archived from the original on 2004-04-15. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
• McKay, Malcolm (February 1996). "Cleared for take-off". Thoroughbred & Classic Cars. 23 (5). King's Reach Tower, Stamford Street, London SE19LS, UK: IPC Magazines: 42–46.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
• Vance, Bill (2003-04-19). "Canadian Driver: Messerschmitt, 1953–1962". Trader Corp. (formerly published by CanadianDriver Communications). Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
• Wagner, Carl (1 Jan 1973). ""Ist das nicht ein Kabinenroller?" "Ja! das ist ein Kabinenroller!" Carl Wagner takes off on Messerschmitt". Automobile Quarterly. 11 (2). New York: 162–171. LCCN 62004005.
• Wagner, Carl (1 Jan 1973). "Under the Bubble: A Short Flight in a Messerschmitt KR200". Automobile Quarterly. 11 (2). New York: 172–177. LCCN 62004005.
• "Erinnern Sie sich? Messerschmitt KR 200: Menschen in Aspik". Auto Motor u. Sport. Heft 7 1976: Seite 74–76. 27 March 1976.
• "Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1955 Messerschmitt KR200". The Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum Inc. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
• "Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1961 Messerschmitt Service Car". The Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum Inc. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
• "Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1964 Messerschmitt KR200 Roadster". The Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum Inc. Retrieved 22 August 2008.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Messerschmitt KR200.

• Video of driving KR200 on open road showing actual steering movements through bends and several road junctions
• Video of forced-air cooling by engine-driven fan, ducted via aluminium shrouds on KR200 engine
• British club
• German club
• The Australian Microcar and Scooter Club

de:Messerschmitt Kabinenroller es:Messerschmitt KR175 fi:Messerschmitt KR