Bandwing

Bandwings
Austroicetes vulgaris
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Orthoptera
Suborder:	Caelifera
Family:	Acrididae
Subfamily:	Oedipodinae Walker, 1871
Tribes
See text
Synonyms
Locustidae Kirby, 1825 Locustinae Kirby, 1825 Oedipodidae Walker, 1871

Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae^[1] of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.^[2] Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:

• Locusta migratoria: the migratory locust
• Chortoicetes terminifera: the Australian plague locust
• Locustana pardalina the brown locust

These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.

When bandwings feel safe, they appear drab. When they feel threatened, they leap out to reveal bold and bright colors. Some predators might even mistake the blue-winged grasshopper for a butterfly. But when the predator looks for the grasshopper, it is hiding in the grass. Bandwings continue this process if the predator tries to attack them.

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:^[3]

Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia

1. Acrotylus Fieber, 1853
2. Pusana Uvarov, 1940

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)

1. Anconia Scudder, 1876

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America

1. Arphia Stål, 1873
2. Lactista Saussure, 1884 (synonym Rehnita^[4])
3. Leuronotina Hebard, 1932
4. Tomonotus Saussure, 1861

Auth. Bei-Bienko 1930; distribution: mostly central Asia

1. Andrea Mishchenko, 1989
2. Angaracris Bei-Bienko, 1930
3. Bryodema Fieber, 1853
4. Bryodemacris Benediktov, 1998
5. Bryodemella Yin, 1982 (Eastern Europe and temperate Asia)
6. Compsorhipis Saussure, 1889
7. Uvaroviola Bei-Bienko, 1930

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America

1. Chimarocephala Scudder, 1875
2. Chortophaga Saussure, 1884
3. Encoptolophus Scudder, 1875
4. Nebulatettix Gómez, Lightfoot & Miller, 2012
5. Shotwellia Gurney, 1940

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia through to New Caledonia

1. Aiolopus Fieber, 1853
2. Demirsoyus Sirin & Çiplak, 2004
3. Epacromius Uvarov, 1942
4. Heteropternis Stål, 1873
5. Hilethera Uvarov, 1923
6. Jasomenia Bolívar, 1914
7. Paracinema Fischer, 1853
8. Parahilethera Zheng & Ren, 2007
9. Platypygius Uvarov, 1942

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: Americas

• Agymnastus Scudder, 1897
• Camnula Stål, 1873
• Cratypedes Scudder, 1876
• Hadrotettix Scudder, 1876
• Heliastus Saussure, 1884
• Hippiscus Saussure, 1861 (monotypic)
• Leprus Saussure, 1861
• Pardalophora Saussure, 1884
• Sticthippus Scudder, 1892
• Xanthippus Saussure, 1884

Auth. Kirby, 1825; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia

subtribe Locustina Kirby, 1825

1. Locusta Linnaeus, 1758 (monotypic)
2. Oedaleus Fieber, 1853
3. Psophus Fieber, 1853 - monotypic Psophus stridulus

subtribe undetermined

1. Brunnerella Saussure, 1888
2. Chifanicus Benediktov, 2001
3. Gastrimargus Saussure, 1884
4. Grammoscapha Uvarov, 1942
5. Locustana Uvarov, 1921
6. Pternoscirta Saussure, 1884
7. Ptetica Saussure, 1884
8. Pycnodictya Stål, 1873
9. Pyrgodera Fischer von Waldheim, 1846
10. Scintharista Saussure, 1884

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)

1. Machaerocera Saussure, 1859

Auth. Walker, 1871; distribution: N. Africa, Europe, Asia

1. Celes Saussure, 1884
2. Mioscirtus Saussure, 1888
3. Ochyracris Zheng, 1991
4. Oedipoda Latreille, 1829
5. Oedipodacris Willemse, 1932

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893^[5] (synonym Parapleuri); distribution: N. America, Europe, Asia

1. Ceracris Walker, 1870
2. Ceracrisoides Liu, 1985
3. Formosacris Willemse, 1951
4. Mecostethus Fieber, 1852
5. Parapleurodes Ramme, 1941
6. Stethophyma Fischer, 1853
7. Yiacris Zheng & Chen, 1993

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America

• Derotmema Scudder, 1876
• Hippopedon Saussure, 1861 (synonym Platylactista^[6])
• Mestobregma Scudder, 1876
• Metator McNeill, 1901
• Psinidia Stål, 1873
• Trachyrhachys Scudder, 1876
• Trepidulus McNeill, 1901

Auth. Johnston, 1956; distribution: worldwide, esp. Africa, Europe, Asia

1. Conipoda Saussure, 1884
2. Cophotylus Krauss, 1902
3. Eusphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950
4. Eusphingonotus Bey-Bienko, 1950
5. Heliopteryx Uvarov, 1914
6. Helioscirtus Saussure, 1884
7. Hyalorrhipis Saussure, 1884
8. Microtes Scudder, 1900
9. Phaeonotus Popov, 1951
10. Pseudoceles Bolívar, 1899
11. Quadriverticis Zheng, 1999
12. Sphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950
13. Sphingonotus Fieber, 1852 - type species: Sphingonotus caerulans^[7]
14. Tetramerotropis Saussure, 1888
15. Thalpomena Saussure, 1884
16. Vosseleriana Uvarov, 1924

Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Asia (monotypic tribe)

1. Trilophidia Stål, 1873

Auth. Blatchley, 1920; distribution: Americas

1. Circotettix Scudder, 1876
2. Conozoa Saussure, 1884
3. Dissosteira Scudder, 1876
4. Spharagemon Scudder, 1875
5. Trimerotropis Stål, 1873

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic tribe)

1. Tropidolophus Thomas, 1873 - monotypic Tropidolophus formosus

The genus Cibolacris was originally placed in Oedipodinae, and later moved to Gomphocerinae. The genus Stethophyma is traditionally included in Oedipodinae, but North American authors in particular sometimes place it in the Gomphocerinae or Acridinae. Some authors place all members of Oedipodinae within the subfamily Acridinae, and there has been much confusion and debate about the limits and relationships of the two subfamilies.^{[8] [9][10][11]}

• Data related to Oedipodinae at Wikispecies
• Media related to Oedipodinae at Wikimedia Commons