Petroșani

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For the village in Constanța County, see Deleni, Constanța. For similarly named places, see Pietroșani.
Petroșani
Municipality
View of the city
I. D. Sîrbu Theater
Railway station
Coat of arms of Petroșani
Coat of arms
Location in Hunedoara County
Location in Hunedoara County
Petroșani is located in Romania
Petroșani
Petroșani
Location in Romania
Coordinates: 45°24′44″N 23°22′24″E / 45.41222°N 23.37333°E / 45.41222; 23.37333
CountryRomania
CountyHunedoara
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2024) Tiberiu Iacob-Ridzi[1] (PNL)
Area
195.56 km2 (75.51 sq mi)
Elevation
431 m (1,414 ft)
Population
 (2021-12-01)[2]
31,044
 • Density160/km2 (410/sq mi)
Time zoneEET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Postal code
330001
Area code(+40) 02 54
Vehicle reg.HD
Websitewww.petrosani.ro

Petroșani (Romanian pronunciation: [petroˈʃanʲ]; Hungarian: Petrozsény; German: Petroschen) is a city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 31,044 as of 2021.[3] The city has been associated with mining since the 19th century.

History

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"Pietros" means "stony, rocky" in Romanian. The city of Petroșani was founded in the 17th century (around 1640) with the name Petrozsény. In 1720, an Austrian cartographer mentions that the entire Jiu Valley was intensely populated and settlements could be seen from one end to the other.

At the 1818 census, Petroșani had 233 inhabitants, while the entire Valley counted 2,550. During this time, the main activity of the people was shepherding and no urban settlement had appeared yet. Around 1840, coal surface mining began in Petroșani, Vulcan, and Petrila.

After Romania joined the Allies of World War I in 1916, Romanian troops attacked the town during the Battle of Transylvania. A battalion of miners defended Petroșani in a last stand battle, refusing to give up the town. The Romanian occupation, however, did not last long: the united Austro-Hungarian and German troops regained control of the town shortly, in which guerrilla warfare, led by the local Viktor Maderspach, played an important role.

After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, and the declaration of the Union of Transylvania with Romania, the Romanian Army took control of Petroșani in December 1918, during the Hungarian–Romanian War. The town officially became part of the territory ceded to the Kingdom of Romania in June 1920 under the terms of the Treaty of Trianon. During the interwar period, the city was the headquarters of plasa Petroșani, within Hunedoara County. After 1950, the city became the headquarters of Petroșani raion within Hunedoara Region [ro]. Following the administrative reform of 1968, Petroșani became once more part of Hunedoara County.

The population experienced massive growth only in the 20th century during the communist government, as many workers were brought in from other parts of the country.

As other cities from the Jiu Valley, throughout the second half of the 19th century and most of the 20th century, most activities in the city revolved around the mines. But after the fall of the communist regime, many mines were closed, and the city, just like the whole valley, was forced to diversify the economy. This has also led to a significant population decline: Petroșani is one of the Romanian cities which has experienced the fastest population loss from the 1990s onwards.[4]

Geography

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Jiu Valley on the map of Romania. Petroșani is the largest city of the valley, a traditionally mining area

Petroșani is located in the Jiu Valley, which is the entrance to the Retezat National Park and provides access to the Vâlcan, Parâng, and Retezat mountains. The city administers four villages: Dâlja Mare (Nagydilzsa), Dâlja Mică (Kisdilzsa), Peștera (Zsupinyászuvölgy) and Slătinioara (Szlatinova községrész).

Landmarks

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  • Sfinții Arhangeli Church ("Holy Archangels Church"), built in the 18th century.
  • The "Ion G. Duca" school, built in 1935
  • The Hungarian school, built in 1873 by Germans and inhabited by a group of 50 Catholic nuns from a monastery near Munich
  • The Old Theater, built in 1886
  • The Lutheran Church, built between 1892 and 1896
  • The Mining Museum, built in 1920
  • The current Sports School building, built in 1919
  • The "I. D. Sîrbu" Theater Hall, built in 1905
  • The Justice Court building, built in 1910
  • The current Students theater, built in 1922
  • The Unitarian Church, built between 1924 and 1928
  • The University of Petroșani, built in 1948
  • The Jiul Shopping Center, re-opened in December 2007 after renovation, initially built in the early 1980s

Social events

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The following social events take place in Petroșani:

  • the Dramatic Theater offers a wide variety of performance every week
  • the annual international folklore festival
  • the Folk Music Festival Cântecul Adâncului... ("Song of the Deep")
  • artistic summer camps organized by the Petroșani University
  • art, numismatic and caricatures exhibitions
  • piano and violin recitals, offered by the Music School
  • the Petroșani Days festival, usually organized in autumn
  • the annual Underground Valley Graffiti Fest

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
1850 581—    
1880 2,096+260.8%
1900 7,765+270.5%
1910 12,193+57.0%
1930 15,405+26.3%
1948 14,138−8.2%
1956 23,052+63.0%
1966 35,187+52.6%
1977 40,664+15.6%
1992 52,390+28.8%
2002 45,447−13.3%
2011 34,331−24.5%
2021 31,044−9.6%
Source: Census data

In 1850, Petroșani was a small village, the vast majority of its 581 inhabitants being Romanian.[5] According to the 1910 census, from 12,193 inhabitants 7,748 (63.54%) were Hungarian, 3,250 Romanian (26.65%) and 831 (6.82%) German.[5] At the 2002 census, 83.3% of the city's inhabitants were Romanian Orthodox, 7.2% Roman Catholic, 3.7% Reformed, 2.2% Pentecostal, 0.8% Greek-Catholic, and 0.9% belonged to another religion. At the 2011 census, 90.59% of inhabitants were Romanians, 6.54% Hungarians, 1.82% Roma, and 0.35% Germans. At the 2021 census, Petroșani had a population of 31,044.[6]

Notable people

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  • Petroșani railway station (1867)
    Petroșani railway station (1867)
  • View of Petroșani c. 1910
    View of Petroșani c. 1910
  • Nicolae Ceaușescu in Petroșani shortly after the 1977 miners’ strike
    Nicolae Ceaușescu in Petroșani shortly after the 1977 miners’ strike
  • City center
    City center
  • St. George wooden church in Sălătruc neighborhood (1788)
    St. George wooden church in Sălătruc neighborhood (1788)

References

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  1. ^ "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  3. ^ "Hartă Interactivă. Populația României în fiecare localitate din țară - Recensământul 2021 vs. 2011 / Cele mai mari creșteri, cele mai drastice scăderi". HotNews (in Romanian).
  4. ^ "Topul localităților cu cea mai dramatică scădere a populației". HotNews. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  5. ^ a b "ERDÉLY ETNIKAI ÉS FELEKEZETI STATISZTIKÁJA" (PDF).
  6. ^ "Populația rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (in Romanian). INSSE. 31 May 2023.
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