Second Bureau of Imperial Iranian Army
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Imperial Iranian Army's Second Bureau (Persian: رکن دوم; Rokn-e-Dovvom) was an Iranian military intelligence agency during the Pahlavi dynasty from 1926 to 1979.
Establishment and structure[edit]
Second Bureau was one of the four main bureaus operating in the army alongside First Bureau, responsible for Human resources, Third Bureau, responsible for operations and Fourth Bureau responsible for logistics. It was active since reign of Reza Shah and received information from military attachés in target countries.[1] Modeled after the Deuxième Bureau,[2] the French elite officers who were teaching at War University and Officers' School before World War II were founders of Iran's military intelligence service.[1] The service was later contributed by British secret services.[1]
On 7 September 1955, the "Intelligence Bureau of Imperial Iranian Army Headquarters" (Persian: اداره اطلاعات ستاد ارتش شاهنشاهی ایران) was established.[3]
During reign of Mohammad Reza Shah, the agency directly reported to him.[2]
Role[edit]
Alongside acting as the military intelligence apparatus of the army and conducting counterintelligence operations, it was responsible for internal security and surveillance work involving military personnel, as well as civilians.[2] The unit's operations was parallel to those of Shahrbani and Ministry of Interior.[2] Until 1953 Iranian coup d'état, it was considered Iran's sole intelligence agency.[3]
After Organization of Intelligence and National Security (SAVAK) was established, it had close ties to the military.[4] Although some of army intelligence officers were transferred to SAVAK[5] and some simultaneously served in both agencies;[4] an interservice rivalry emerged between the two and even became an open secret to people.[3]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Dareini, Ali Akbar (1998). The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein Fardust. History and Culture Series. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 25–26. ISBN 8120816420.
- ^ a b c d Abrahamian, Ervand (1999). Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran. University of California Press. p. 74. ISBN 0520922905.
- ^ a b c Intelligence Bureau of Imperial Iranian Army Headquarters was founded (in Persian). Tarikh-e-Irani. 1999. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ a b Carlisle, Rodney (2015). Encyclopedia of Intelligence and Counterintelligence. Routledge. pp. 324–325. ISBN 1317471776.
- ^ Naraghi, Ehsan (1999). From Palace to Prison: Inside the Iranian Revolution. I.B.Tauris. p. 176. ISBN 1860644945.
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