Carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone

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Carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone
Combination of
CarbidopaDOPA decarboxylase inhibitor
Levodopadopamine precursor
Entacaponecatechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor
Clinical data
Trade namesStalevo, Corbilta, Carlevent
AHFS/Drugs.comProfessional Drug Facts
MedlinePlusa601068
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
  • none
KEGG
  (verify)

Carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone, sold under the brand name Stalevo among others, is a dopaminergic fixed-dose combination medication that contains carbidopa, levodopa, and entacapone for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.[5]

Medical uses

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Carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone is indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.[5]

In the European Union it is indicated for the treatment of adults with Parkinson's disease and end-of-dose motor fluctuations not stabilized on levodopa/dopa decarboxylase (DDC) inhibitor treatment.[6]

Side effects

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Sometimes a wearing off effect may occur at the end of the dosing interval, where a patient may feel Parkinson's symptoms. Urine, saliva, or sweat may be discolored (dark color such as red, brown, or black) after taking carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone.[8]

Drug interactions

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Carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone is contraindicated in patients taking a class of antidepressant drugs known as non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors such as phenelzine and tranylcypromine.[9]

Carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone may be combined with the drugs rasagiline or selegiline. These drugs are a different type of MAO inhibitor known as selective MAO inhibitors that are often prescribed for Parkinson's disease.[8] Many drug interactions involving selegiline are theoretical, primarily based on interactions with non-selective MAO inhibitors; at oral doses the risk of these interactions may be very low. However, transdermal selegiline, known by its trade name Emsam, is still contraindicated.[9] Transdermal selegiline results in higher plasma levels at which it behaves like a non-selective MAO inhibitor. Concominant use of entacapone, a component of carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone, with MAO inhibitors may increase toxicity of MAO inhibitors. Levodopa, also a component of carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone, in combination with MAO inhibitors may result in hypertensive reactions.[10]

Mechanism of action

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Main articles: Levodopa, Carbidopa, and Entacapone

Levodopa is the immediate precursor to dopamine. Entacapone is a selective, reversible catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor that prevents the degradation of levodopa. Entacapone does not cross the blood–brain barrier. Carbidopa is a peripheral aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) inhibitor. Carbidopa, which also does not cross the blood–brain barrier, is combined with levodopa to prevent its conversion to dopamine in the periphery.[11][unreliable medical source?]

Society and culture

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Carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2003.[12][13]

Research

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It may help decrease a change of response to Parkinson's medications.[14]

References

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  1. ^ "Carbidopa / entacapone / levodopa Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 14 October 2019. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  2. ^ "Stalevo 75/18.75/200 levodopa/carbidopa (as monohydrate)/entacapone tablet bottle (160686)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 27 May 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  3. ^ "Carlevent levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone 100/25/200 mg tablet bottle (195747)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 26 May 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  4. ^ "Stalevo 100 mg/25 mg/200 mg Film-coated Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 9 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  5. ^ a b c "Stalevo- carbidopa, levodopa, and entacapone tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 30 July 2021. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Stalevo EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  7. ^ "Corbilta". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 16 January 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Carbidopa, entacapone, and levodopa Advanced Patient Information". Drugs.com. 9 December 2022. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  9. ^ a b "Stalevo: Dosing, contraindications, side effects, and pill pictures". Epocrates Online. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  10. ^ Leikin JB, Paloucek FP (2007). Poisoning and toxicology handbook (4th ed.). Informa Health Care. p. 610. ISBN 978-1-4200-4479-9. Archived from the original on 2023-05-01. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
  11. ^ "Drug Reference for FDA Approved Parkinson's Disease Drugs". Redirecting. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Drug Approval Package: talevo 50, 100 & 150 (carbidopa/ levodopa/ entacapone) NDA #021485". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 7 April 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  13. ^ "Carbidopa, entacapone, and levodopa Uses, Side Effects & Warnings". Drugs.com. 4 October 2022. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  14. ^ Salat D, Tolosa E (January 2013). "Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: current status and new developments". Journal of Parkinson's Disease. 3 (3): 255–269. doi:10.3233/JPD-130186. PMID 23948989.
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