Tipula paludosa
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| Tipula paludosa | |
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| Tipula paludosa female | |
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| Species: | T. paludosa |
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| Tipula paludosa Meigen, 1830 | |
Tipula paludosa is a species of true craneflies, family Tipulidae. It is also known as the European crane fly or the marsh crane fly.[1] It is a pest in grasslands of Northwest Europe and has been accidentally introduced to North America.
Distribution
[edit]Tipula paludosa is widespread throughout the West Palaearctic and Nearctic.[1][2] For identification see the Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the Russia[3] and the Diptères: Tipulidae.[4] Tipula paludosa is a very common species flying in May and July to October peaking in August and September.
Biological interactions
[edit]Tipula paludosa larvae live in the upper soil layers and are the major insect pest in grasslands of Northwest Europe.[5][6]
Oscheius tipulae is a species of nematodes, described in association of the leatherjacket, the larva of T. paludosa.[7][8]
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Tipula paludosa male
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References
[edit]- ^ a b Pjotr Oosterbroek. "Tipula (Tipula) paludosa Meigen, 1830 (search result)". Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World. Naturalis. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
- ^ Fauna Europaea
- ^ Bei-Bienko, G.Y., ed. (1988) Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR, Volume V: Diptera and Siphonaptera, Parts I, II . Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi. ISBN 81-205-0080-6 ISBN 81-205-0081-4
- ^ Pierre, C. , (1924) Diptères: Tipulidae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 8 159 p. Bibliotheque Virtuelle Numerique pdf
- ^ Dawson, Lorna A.; Grayston, Susan J.; Murray, Philip J. & Pratt, Shona M. (May 2002). "Root feeding behaviour of Tipula paludosa (Meig.) (Diptera: Tipulidae) on Lolium perenne (L.) and Trifolium repens (L.)". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 34 (5): 609–615. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00217-6.
- ^ Oestergaard, Jesko; Belau, Christian; Strauch, Olaf; Ester, Albert; van Rozen, Klaas & Ehlers, Ralf-Udo (December 2006). "Biological control of Tipula paludosa (Diptera: Nematocera) using entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp.) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis". Biological Control. 39 (3): 525–531. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.07.003.
- ^ Webster, John M. & Lam, Andrew B.Q. (1971). "Morphology and biology of Panagrolaimus tipulae n. sp. (Panagrolaimidae) and Rhabditis (Rhabditella) tipulae n. sp. (Rhabditidae), from leatherjacket larvae, Tipula paludosa (Diptera: Tipulidae)". Nematologica. 17 (2): 201–212. doi:10.1163/187529271X00044.
- ^ Sudhaus, Walter (1993). "Redescription of Rhabditis (Oscheius) tipulae (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) associated with leatherjackets, larvae of Tipula paludosa (Diptera: Tipulidae)". Nematologica. 39 (1–4): 234–239. doi:10.1163/187529293X00187.