Turbomeca Astazou

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Astazou
Turbomeca Astazou IIA on an SA 318C Alouette II
Type	Turboshaft/Turboprop
National origin	France
Manufacturer	Turbomeca
First run	1957
Major applications	Aérospatiale Gazelle Handley Page Jetstream FMA IA 58 Pucará

The Turbomeca Astazou is a highly successful series of turboprop and turboshaft engines, first run in 1957. The original version weighed 110 kg (243 lb) and developed 240 kW (320 shp) at 40,000 rpm. It was admitted for aviation service on May 29, 1961, after a 150-hour test run. The main developing engineer was G. Sporer. It was named after two summits of the Pyrenees.

A simplified version was built by Agusta as the Turbomeca-Agusta TA.230.

The Astazou IIA version was derived from the original Astazou powerplant for use in helicopters. By 1993, 2,200 had been built. As of 2007, it was still in production. However, many aircraft initially equipped with it, especially the heavier ones, have since been upgraded with more powerful engines.

The early single-shaft Astazou has a two-stage compressor, with the first stage an axial and the second stage a radial design. It has an annular combustion chamber, after which the combustion gases enter a three-stage axial turbine.

Engines have a reduction gearbox in front of the air inlet, with an output speed suitable for a propeller or, for helicopters, as the first stage only of the much bigger reduction required for a rotor. Fuel to the gas generator is adjusted automatically to maintain a constant propeller or rotor speed as blade pitch varies.

As of the Astazou X, the engine received a second axial compressor stage. This was the engine for the Potez 840. The Astazou XIV and XVI were also marketed by Rolls-Royce Turboméca International Ltd under the names AZ14 and AZ16, respectively.

Power was steadily increased over the years, with the Eurocopter Dauphin's dual Astazou XVIII developing 783 kW each. The Astazou XX received a third axial stage, raising compression even further to achieve a projected output of 1,075 kW (1,442 hp) in the turboprop application. The XXB derivative, used in the single engine Aérospatiale SA 361H Dauphin, delivered 1,043 kW (1,399 shp).

Astazou I

Astazou II

Single-stage axial plus single-stage centrifugal compressor, annular combustor, three-stage turbine

Astazou IIA

Astazou III

Astazou IIIA

Astazou IIIC

Astazou IIIC2

Astazou IIIN

Astazou IIIN2

Astazou VI

Coupled Astazou 1,100 kW (1,480 shp)

Astazou X

The X and subsequent engines had a second axial compressor stage added.

Astazou XII

Astazou XIV

Two-stage axial plus single-stage centrifugal compressor, annular combustor, three-stage turbine. Integral front mounted

gearbox.

Astazou XIVA

Astazou XIVB

Astazou XIVD

Astazou XIVC

Astazou XIVH

Astazou XIVM

Astazou XVI

Astazou XVIG

Astazou XVIII

Astazou XVIIIA

Astazou XX

A third axial compressor stage added for increased pressure ratio.

Astazou XXB

Turbomeca-Agusta TA.230

(aka TAA-230)A simplified version built by Agusta.^[1]

Rolls-Royce Turbomeca AZ14

The Astazou XIV marketed by Rolls-Royce Turbomeca International Ltd as the AZ14

Rolls-Royce Turbomeca AZ16

The Astazou XVI marketed by Rolls-Royce Turbomeca International Ltd as the AZ16

• Dassault Communauté
• Dassault MD320 Hirondelle 2x Astazou XIV 640 kW (860 hp) equivalent.
• Dornier Do27T-l 2x Astazou II 419 kW (562 hp) equivalent.
• FMA IA 58 Pucará 2x Astazou XVIG 713 kW (956 hp) equivalent.
• Handley Page HP.137 Jetstream 2x Astazou XIVC 687 kW (921 hp) equivalent.
• Mitsubishi MU-2
• Nord Noralpha
• Pilatus PC-6/A1-H2 Turbo Porter lx Astazou XII 545 kW (731 hp) equivalent.
• Potez 840 4x 440shp (328 kW) Turboméca Astazou II
• Potez 842 4x 600shp (447 kW) Turboméca Astazou XII
• SFERMA Nord 1110
• SFERMA SF-60 Marquis 2x Astazou X
• SFERMA PD-146 Marquis 2x Astazou IIA
• Short SC.7 Skyvan series II 2x Astazou XII 545 kW (731 hp) equivalent.
• SIPA S-2510 Antilope
• IAI Arava 2x Astazou XIV 630 kW (850 hp) equivalent.
• UV-23A Dominion Skytrader 2x Turboméca Astazou XIV

• Aérospatiale SA.3180 Alouette II Astazou 1x Astazou IIA 390 kW (523 hp) (but restricted to 300 kW (400 hp) by rotor transmission).
• Aérospatiale SA.319B Alouette III 1x Astazou XIVB 440 kW (590 hp).
• Aérospatiale Gazelle 1x Astazou IIIN 441 kW (592 hp) equivalent.
• Aérospatiale Gazelle AH.1 1x Astazou IIIN2^[2]
• Agusta A.105
• Agusta A.106
• Agusta A.115
• Aérospatiale SA 360 Dauphin
• Dechaux Helicop-Jet 1x Astazou II

Data from Aircraft engines of the World 1970^[3]

• Type: Turboprop
• Length: 2,000 mm (79 in) including propeller
• Diameter: 546 mm (21.5 in)
  
• Frontal area: 0.23 m² (2.5 sq ft)
• Dry weight: 206 kg (454 lb)

• Compressor: 2-stage axial + 1-stage centrifugal
• Combustors: Annular combustion chamber
• Turbine: 3-stage axial turbine
• Fuel type: Aviation Kerosene such as Jet A-1, JP-4 and JP-5
• Oil system: Pressure spray at 3.0 bar (44 psi) with scavenge

• Maximum power output:
  
• Take-off power: 811 kW (1,088 shp) (equivalent) (766 kW (1,027 shp) + 0.67 kN (150 lbf)) at 43,000 rpm (static)
• Max. Continuous power: 743 kW (996 shp) (equivalent) (699 kW (937 shp) + 0.64 kN (145 lbf)) at 43,000 rpm (static)
• Overall pressure ratio: 8.15:1
• Air mass flow: 3.35 kg/s (443 lb/min) at 43,000 rpm
• Specific fuel consumption: 0.30 kg/kWh (0.5 lb/(hp⋅h)) (equivalent)
• Power-to-weight ratio: 3.9 kW/kg (2.4 hp/lb) (equivalent)

Related development

• Turbomeca Aspin
• Turbomeca Astafan

Related lists

• List of aircraft engines

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turbomeca Astazou.

• Gunston, Bill (1986). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens. p. 164.