Wanapum Dam

Wanapum Dam
Dam viewed from downstream on the west bank
Official name	Wanapum Dam
Location	Grant / Kittitas counties, Washington
Coordinates	46°52′31″N 119°58′16″W / 46.875213°N 119.971004°W / 46.875213; -119.971004
Construction began	1959
Opening date	1963
Construction cost	US$93,277,690[1]
Dam and spillways
Impounds	Columbia River
Height	185 feet (56 m)[1]
Length	8,320 feet (2,540 m)[1]
Reservoir
Creates	Lake Wanapum
Total capacity	796,000 acre-feet (982,000,000 m3)
Power Station
Commission date	1963
Turbines	10 x 104 MW Kaplan-type[2]
Installed capacity	1,185 megawatts (1,589,000 hp)[3]

Wanapum Dam is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric project located on the Columbia River downstream (south) from Vantage, Washington where Interstate 90 crosses the Columbia from Grant County into Kittitas County. It is owned by the Grant County Public Utility District. Its reservoir is named Lake Wanapum.

The dam, and its lake, are named after the Wanapum Indians. The dam has a rated capacity of 1,185 megawatts and annually generates over 4 million megawatt-hours.^[2]

The Wanapum dam was originally licensed in 1955 for a period of 50 years. Construction was initiated in 1959 with initial beneficial operation in 1963. The initial license expired in 2005, after which the Grant County PUD operated the dam on yearly license extensions while negotiations for license extension proceeded. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approved a license extension of 44 years for both the Wanapum dam and the downstream Priest Rapids Dam on April 17, 2008. The license extension was conditioned upon programs to achieve the following goals:^[4]

• modernize the power generation capability of the dam
• monitor water quality
• improve wildlife habitat
• protect nearly 700 Wanapum Tribe archaeological sites in the vicinity
• enhance recreation with new campsites, picnic areas and trails

On February 27, 2014, a 2-inch (5 cm) wide crack was discovered by inspection divers on one of the 65 feet (20 m) tall concrete monoliths that make up the spillway of the dam. A spokesman for the Grant County PUD indicated that the level of the water was to be lowered by 26 feet (8 m) over a period of days to "reduce the pressure on the spillway while inspectors investigate".

During the time that the water level was lowered for repairs, all beaches and water access in the area above the dam were closed to protect sensitive cultural resources and help to ensure public safety. Public access was restored in the spring of 2015.

After an 11-week inspection, the primary reason for the crack was determined to be a mathematical error during the pre-construction design of the dam. Repairs of the cracked monolith and the strengthening of the remaining monoliths were made in 2014-2015.^[5] The $61 million fix, used steel cabling and rods to stitch the dam to the bedrock underneath.^[6][7]

• List of dams in the Columbia River watershed
• Sensor fish, a device used to study the impact of fish travelling through the Wanapum and other dams

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wanapum Dam.

• Biological Assessment of the Advanced Turbine Design at Wanapum Dam, 2005, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory - a study of the impact of the dam on fish