Zosuquidar
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| Other names | LY-335979 |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.236.552 |
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| Formula | C32H31F2N3O2 |
| Molar mass | 527.616 g·mol−1 |
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Zosuquidar (development code LY-335979) is an experimental antineoplastic drug.[1] Zosquidir inhibits P-glycoproteins.[2] Other drugs with this mechanism include tariquidar and laniquidar. P-glycoproteins are trans-membrane proteins that pump foreign substances out of cells in an ATP dependent fashion. Cancers overexpressing P-glycoproteins are able to pump out therapeutic molecules before they are able to reach their target, effectively making the cancer multi-drug resistant. Zosuquidar inhibits P-glycoproteins, inhibiting the efflux pump and restoring sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents.[2]
Zosuqidar was initially characterized by Syntex Corporation, which was acquired by Roche in 1990. Roche licensed the drug to Eli Lilly in 1997. It was granted orphan drug status by the FDA in 2006 for AML. In 2010, it was announced that a phase III clinical trial for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome did not meet its primary endpoint[3] and Eli Lilly discontinued its development.[4]
Synthesis
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When dibenzosuberone [1210-35-1] (1) is treated with difluorocarbene (generated in situ from lithium chlorodifluoroacetate), a cyclopropanation occurs to give 10,11-difluoromethanodibenzosuberone [167155-75-1] (2). Reduction of the ketone with borohydride proceeds to afford the derivative wherein the fused cyclpropyl and alcohol are on the same side of the seven-membered ring to give 1,1-Difluorocyclopropane Dibenzosuberol [797790-94-4]&[172925-68-7] (3). This is halogenated with 48% HBr to give the product where both groups are now positioned anti [312905-19-4] (4). Displacement of the bromide with pyrazine [290-37-9] gives the quat [312905-15-0] (5). Sodium borohydride was able to reduce the aromaticity in the sidechain giving the corresponding piperazine, i.e. Fb=[167155-78-4] HCl=PC9799090 (6). The reaction of 5-hydroxyquinoline [578-67-6] (7) with (R)-glycidyl nosylate (8) affords (R)-1-(5-Quinolinyloxy)-2,3-epoxypropane [123750-60-7] [118629-64-4] (8). The convergent synthesis between 6 & 9 gives Zosuquidar in good yield.
References
[edit]- ^ "Zosuquidar trihydrochloride". NCI Drug Dictionary. National Cancer Institute. Archived from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
- ^ a b Cripe LD, Uno H, Paietta EM, Litzow MR, Ketterling RP, Bennett JM, et al. (November 2010). "Zosuquidar, a novel modulator of P-glycoprotein, does not improve the outcome of older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 3999". Blood. 116 (20): 4077–4085. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-04-277269. PMC 2993615. PMID 20716770.
- ^ Clinical trial number NCT00046930 for "Daunorubicin & Cytarabine +/- Zosuquidar inTreating Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Refractory Anemia" at ClinicalTrials.gov
- ^ "Zosuquidar - Kanisa Pharmaceuticals". Adis Insight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Archived from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
- ^ Pfister, J.R.; Makra, F.; Muehldorf, A.V.; Wu, H.; Nelson, J.T.; Cheung, P.; Bruno, N.A.; Casey, S.M.; Zutshi, N.; Slate, D.L. (1995). "Methanodibenzosuberylpiperazines as potent multidrug resistance reversal agents". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 5 (21): 2473–2476. doi:10.1016/0960-894X(95)00426-T.
- ^ WO9424107 idem Jurg R. Pfister, Doris L. Slate, U.S. patent 5,654,304 (1997 to Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc.).
- ^ Barnett, Charles J.; Huff, Bret; Kobierski, Michael E.; Letourneau, Michael; Wilson, Thomas M. (2004). "Stereochemistry of C-6 Nucleophilic Displacements on 1,1-Difluorocyclopropyldibenzosuberanyl Substrates. An Improved Synthesis of Multidrug Resistance Modulator LY335979 Trihydrochloride". The Journal of Organic Chemistry 69 (22): 7653–7660. doi:10.1021/jo049051v.
- ^ Bret Eugene Huff et al. U.S. patent 6,521,755 (2003 to Eli Lilly And Company).
- ^ US6624304, US6570016
- ^ "b,b-DIFLUOROSTYRENE". Organic Syntheses. 47: 49. 1967. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.047.0049.