1431
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
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| 1431 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1431 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1431 MCDXXXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2184 |
| Armenian calendar | 880 ԹՎ ՊՁ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6181 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1352–1353 |
| Bengali calendar | 838 |
| Berber calendar | 2381 |
| English Regnal year | 9 Hen. 6 – 10 Hen. 6 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1975 |
| Burmese calendar | 793 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6939–6940 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚戌年 (Metal Dog) 4128 or 3921 — to — 辛亥年 (Metal Pig) 4129 or 3922 |
| Coptic calendar | 1147–1148 |
| Discordian calendar | 2597 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1423–1424 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5191–5192 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1487–1488 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1352–1353 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4531–4532 |
| Holocene calendar | 11431 |
| Igbo calendar | 431–432 |
| Iranian calendar | 809–810 |
| Islamic calendar | 834–835 |
| Japanese calendar | Eikyō 3 (永享３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1346–1347 |
| Julian calendar | 1431 MCDXXXI |
| Korean calendar | 3764 |
| Minguo calendar | 481 before ROC 民前481年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −37 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1973–1974 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金狗年 (male Iron-Dog) 1557 or 1176 or 404 — to — 阴金猪年 (female Iron-Pig) 1558 or 1177 or 405 |
Year 1431 (MCDXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–December
[edit]- January 9 – Pretrial investigations for Joan of Arc begin at Rouen in France, which is under English occupation.
- February 21 – The trial of Joan of Arc for heresy begins.
- March – Alexander I Aldea takes the throne of Wallachia with support from Alexander I of Moldavia.
- March 3 – Pope Eugene IV succeeds Pope Martin V, to become the 207th pope.
- May 30 – 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake in Rouen.
- June 16 – The Teutonic Knights and Švitrigaila sign the Treaty of Christmemel, creating an anti-Polish alliance.
- September – Battle of Inverlochy: Donald Balloch defeats the Royalists.
- October 30 – The Treaty of Medina del Campo is signed, consolidating peace between Portugal and Castille.
- November 9 – The Battle of Ilava: The Hungarians defeat the Hussite army.
- November 18 – A treaty in Suceava concludes an attack on Poland, launched this year by Alexander I of Moldavia during the Lithuanian Civil War.
- December 13 – Vlad, future Prince of Wallachia as Vlad II Dracul, is made a member of the Order of the Dragon. Because of this, his son Vlad III the Impaler will inspire the literary figure named Dracula.
- December 16 – Henry VI of England is crowned King of France at Notre-Dame de Paris.
Date unknown
[edit]- The University of Poitiers is founded.
- The Ayutthaya Kingdom besieges Angkor and sacks the Khmer capital, ending the Khmer Empire.
- Nezahualcoyotl is crowned Tlatoani of the Kingdom of Texcoco.
- Byzantine–Ottoman Wars: The Ottoman governor of Thessaly Turahan Bey breaks through the Hexamilion wall for the second time, and ravages the Peloponnese Peninsula.[1]
Births
[edit]- January 1 – Pope Alexander VI (d. 1503)[2]
- October 26 – Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian politician (d. 1505)
- November or December – Vlad III the Impaler, Prince of Wallachia (d. 1476)
- date unknown
- William Elphinstone, Scottish statesman (d. 1514)
- Helena Palaiologina, Despotess of Serbia (d. 1473)
- Ladislaus Hunyadi, Hungarian statesman and warrior (d. 1457)
- probable
- William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (d. 1483)
- John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu, English politician (d. 1471)
- François Villon, French poet
- Vlad III, Prince of Wallachia, A member of the House of Drăculești, as well as the Voivode of Wallachia 1456-1462
Deaths
[edit]- January 25 – Charles II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1364)
- February 20 – Pope Martin V (b. 1368)[3]
- April 1 – Nuno Álvares Pereira, Portuguese general and religious figure
- April 5 – Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden (b. 1364)
- April 19 – Adolph III, Count of Waldeck (b. 1362)
- May 30 – Joan of Arc, French soldier and saint (b. c. 1412)
- September 6 – Demetrios Laskaris Leontares, Byzantine soldier and statesman
- December 8 – Hedwig Jagiellon, Polish and Lithuanian princess (b. 1408)
- date unknown
- Makhdoom Ali Mahimi, Indian Sufi mystic
- Stanisław of Skarbimierz, Polish theologian (b. 1360)
- Violant of Bar, queen regent of Aragon (b. 1365)[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Babinger, Franz (1987). "Turakhān Beg". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VIII. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 876–878. ISBN 90-04-09794-5.
- ^ Hourihane, Colum (2012). The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. OUP USA. p. 395. ISBN 9780195395365.
- ^ "Martin V | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ^ Self-Fashioning and Assumptions of Identity in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. BRILL. 2015. p. 54. ISBN 9789004291003.