C.D. Atlético Marte

Atlético Marte
Full nameClub Deportivo Atlético Marte
Nickname(s)Los Marcianos (The Martians)
El Equipo Bandera (The Flag Team)
El Bombardero Marciano (The Martians Bombers)
Los Carabineros (The Police)
Founded22 April 1950; 74 years ago (1950-04-22)
GroundEstadio Cuscatlán
ChairmanEl Salvador Luis Carrillo
ManagerEl Salvador Edson Flores
LeagueADFA San Salvador
2022 AperturaOverall: 8th
Playoffs: Quarterfinal

Club Deportivo Atlético Marte, also known as Atlético Marte, is a Salvadorian association football club based in San Salvador.[1]

The club plays in the Primera División de Fútbol Profesional, the top tier of the El Salvador football league system, and host matches at the Estadio Cuscatlán.[2][3]

Atlético Marte have a long-standing rivalry with their neighbouring club Alianza, with whom they have contested the derby since 1968.

Since its formation in 1950, the club has won eight Primera División titles—in 1955, 1956, 1957, 1969, 1970, 1980–81, 1982, and 1985—and the Segunda División de El Salvador once, in Torneo Clausura 2009).

In 1981, the team was runner-up of the CONCACAF Champions' Cup losing to SV Transvaal of Suriname. Atlético Marte won their inaugural international title, the 1991 CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup with 2 victories over Racing Gonaïves and Leones Negros UdeG and a loss to Comunicaciones F.C.

The club has changed their name several times to C.D. Árabe Marte (1998–99), (1999–00) and C.D. Atlético Marte Quezaltepeque (2006–08). The club returned to the original name in 2008; C.D. Atlético Marte.

In the 1980s, Salvadoran football legend Luis Ramírez Zapata and Norberto Huezo, Ramón Fagoaga, José Luis Rugamas were among their star players.

History

[edit]

Foundation and early history

[edit]

The history of Atletico Marte started at the end of the 1940s, when the San Salvadorian team España FC was dissolved.

Emilio Guardado and Carlos Carranza, leaders of the recent dissolved España FC, called a meeting with the players that remained of this team and others in the capital city of San Salvador to give life to another club called Alacranes F.C.

After a year playing under the name of Alacranes F.C., club president Colonel José Castro Melendez called a meeting at the old national gymnasium, and at the initiative of the player Conrado Miranda, it was decided to change the club name to Atletico Marte.

The club was officially born on the 2 June 1950 by the combination of military-related members such as José Castro Melendez, Fidel Quintanilla and Jesús Rodríguez and the general public such as Emilio Guardado, José Santiago Avelar and Armando Carranza.

The original uniform colors were ochre and beige, however with the passage of time the colors were changed to the current blue and white.

One of the most significant events of Atetico Marte was a 2–0 triumph on the home turf of Deportivo Saprissa, the first time a Salvadorian club had defeated a Costa Rican side on the opponent's home turf. The goals were scored by Gustavo "el Bordador" Lucha y Raúl Peña.

Premierships success

[edit]

The club had played in the Primera División for five years, however it wasn't until the 1955 season under the players-coaches of Conrado Miranda and Isaiah Choto they won their first title. This was done thanks to 1–0 victory over Leones de Sonsonate with the lone goal coming from Fernando "El Gato" Barrios.

The players included Manuel "Tamalón" Garay, Antonio Montes, Armando Larín, Rutilio Rivera, Luis Antonio Regalado "Loco", Conrado Miranda, Gerónimo Pericullo (Argentina), Juan Bautista Pérez (Argentina), Raúl "Pibe" Vásquez (Argentina), Gustavo "el Bordador" Lucha, Fernando "el Gato" Barrios and René Pimentel.

Atletico Marte with the same core group of players from the previous campaign and the inclusion of Guatemalan Gabriel Urriolawere able to capture their second title consecutively, always under the command of Conrado Miranda and Isaiah Choto.

In 1956–57 campaign, the club was rejuvenated with players such as goalkeeper Francisco "Paco" Francés, Argentinian Rodolfo Baello, Guillermo "Loro" Castro, Julio César "Muñeca" Mejía, Mauricio "Pachín" González and many others. The club was able to win their 3rd title.

A winning title would escape the club for more than a decade until 1969 when they won their fourth title thanks to future world cup coach Chilean Hernán Carrasco Vivanco and star players Raúl "Araña" Magaña, Guillermo Castro, Argentinian Rodolfo Baello, José Antonio "Ruso" Quintanilla, Chilean Ricardo Sepúlveda and Sergio Méndez. This was followed up with their fifth title in 1970 making the second time the club had won back to back title, this time they were reinforced with players such as Francisco Roque, Ernesto Aparicio, Manuel Cañadas, Adonay Castillo, Fernando Villalta, Roberto Morales, Elenilson Franco and Brazilian Odir Jacques.

Atletico Marte once again went a decade without a title, until 1980, when under the technical direction of Armando Contreras Palma and a squad predominately made up of Salvadoran players such as Carlos Felipe Cañadas, Milton Campos, Alfredo Rivera, José Castillo, Jorge Peña, Manuel Ramos, Danilo Blanco, Ramón Fagoaga, Norberto Huezo, Jorge Salomón Campos and Miguel González were able to win their sixth title.

Atletico Marte under the technical direction of Armando Contreras Palma and assistant coach former world cup player Juan Ramón "Mon" Martinez the club was able to win their seventh title i 1982. The tournament was called President Alvaro Alfredo Magaña Cup, in honor of the current president of the republic El Salvador. This was thanks to a two-game series win over Independiente of San Vicente, the first game was 1–0 victory with a lone goal José Antonio "Tolín" Infantozzi and this was followed with a 2–0 victory with goals by José Antonio "Tolín" Infantozzi and Wilfredo "El Doctorcito" Huezo.

On 25 December 1985, Atlético Marte won their eighth and final Primera División title. This was thanks to a 5–2 victory over Alianza with the goals of Atletico Marte coming from Salomón Campos Mezquita, Norberto Huezo, Mario Figueroa (2) and Wilfredo Huezo. The list of players that helped them win the title included José Luis Rugamas, Alfredo Fagoaga, Marcial Turcios, Santana Cartagena, Danilo Blanco, Guillermo Ragazzone, Nelson Escobar, Norberto Huezo, Salomón Campos, Mauricio Perla, Carlos Meléndez, William "el Pony" Rosales, Uruguayan Raúl Esnal and Mario Figueroa.[4]

Champions of CONCACAF 1992

[edit]

On the international stage Atlético Marte had reached the final of the 1981 CONCACAF Champions Cup, however they lost the series to the SV Transvaal from Suriname. However, in 1991, the club was finally recognized internationally thanks to being crowned the champions of the CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup, a competition which was held in Guatemala and had strong clubs such as Universidad de Guadalajara from Mexico, Comunicaciones from Guatemala, Deportivo Saprissa from Costa Rica and Real Estelí from Nicaragua.[5] Atletico Marte finished first in the group with a record of 2 wins and 1 loss.

Relegation to Segundo División

[edit]

After several attempts to win another domestic title, by assembling top quality national and foreign players, Atletico Marte suffered a massive decline due to administrative mismanagement and eventually entered into economic crisis which led to poor results eventually getting the club relegated at the end of the 2002 season.[6]

Promotion-back to the Primera División

[edit]

However, leaders of Atletico Marte never gave up on the team and there was always a well publicized effort to return it to the Primera División. It was not until 2004, that the mythical Raul Alfredo "spider" Magaña approached the directors, presenting a draft where it recruited new sponsors and new management.

After almost five years of work, they won the Clausura 2008 title and would contest the winner of the Apertura to determine direct promotion. The loser would contest the ninth place side in the Primera División to determine if there should be promotion/relegation.

Atletico Marte was unsuccessful at apertura and clausura when they lost to Marte Soyapango in a penalty shootout in the semi-final.

On 14 June 2009 Atletico Marte returned to the Primera División by defeating AFI El Roble 3-1, at the Estadio Cuscatlan.

The only goal of this historic victory was by Roberto Maradiaga, and the technician that made possible the rise was the Argentine Ramiro Cepeda, a former player in Martian[clarification needed] Segundo División in his first year working as a coach.

Modern era

[edit]

Atletico Marte's run in the Primera División from 2009 to 2015 was a mix of little to moderate success, excluding the Apertura 2013 season where under the guidance of Guillermo Rivera the team finished first in the league (including a record 14 undefeated matches) and reached the semi-final where they were eliminated by the tournament champion Isidro Metapan 3–2 on aggregate, the team was a middle to low league team.[7]

Although the emergence of talented players such as Gilberto Baires, Ibsen Castro, Otoniel Salinas, Javier Gomez, Anibal Parada, Christopher Ramirez, Christian Esnal, Argentinian Gonzalo Mazzia and Uruguayan Mauro Aldave.

On 3 May 2015, after 7 years of top flight football, Atletico Marte were relegated to the Segundo División despite a 4–1 victory over Dragon. They were knocked out by C.D. Pasaquina by one point.[8] On 18 June 2015 the team purchased a franchise license in the new expansion of the Primera División and would compete in the Primera División for the Apertura 2015 season.[9] At the end of 2016 clausura season, Atletico Marte were relegated[10]

In April 2020, El Vencedor announced that due to financial hardship they would be releasing their spot in the Primera División to Atletico Marte.[11]

After three years, with minimal success, On June 26, 2023, Atletico Marte sold their spot to Municipal Limeno and ended their spell in first division.[12]

Atletico Marte due to complication on selling their spot to Municipal Limeno, Atletico Marte were registered to ADFA San Salvador in the fourth tier in Salvadoran Football league system.

Honours

[edit]

Domestic

[edit]

Leagues

[edit]
  • Primera División and predecessors
    • Champions (8): 1955, 1956, 1957, 1969, 1970, 1980–81, 1982, 1985
  • Segunda División and predecessors
    • Champions (1): 2008 Apertura[note 1]
    • Promotion Play-off Winners: 2008–2009

Cups

[edit]

CONCACAF

[edit]

UNCAF

[edit]
  • UNCAF Champions' Cup/Recopa de la UNCAF and predecessors
    • Champions (1): 1991 Recopa de la UNCAF

Performance in CONCACAF and Domestic competitions

[edit]

Overall seasons table in Primera División de Fútbol Profesional

[edit]
Pos. Club Season In D1 Pl. W D L GS GA Dif.
TBA Atlético Marte 65 1945 715 600 630 2872 2522 +350

Last updated: 17 July 2015 [1]
[2]

Stadium

[edit]
The playing field of the Estadio Cuscatlán

Since its establishment in 1950, Atletico Marte stadiums has been:

The team plays its home games in the 45,000 capacity all-seater Estadio Cuscatlán, in San Salvador. Previously the team played at Flor Blanca, where they had played their home matches from 1950 until the end of the 2001 season. The stadium in San Salvador. The team's headquarters are located in TBD.

Rivalry

[edit]

Atletico Marte's chief rivalry is with the San Salvador-based team Alianza F.C., against whom they contest the Derbi capitalino. The two teams met 196 times since 1959, with the Alianza winning 87 matches, Atletico Marte winning 50 games and 61 draws.[13] The most recent result was a 1–0 victory by Atletico Marte on the 2 April 2023.

Sponsorship

[edit]

Companies that Atletico Marte currently has sponsorship deals with for 2023–2024 includes:

  • Arjam Sports – Official kit suppliers
  • Sevisal – Official sponsors
  • 106.9 FM – Official sponsors
  • AmayaYArias – Official sponsor

Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors

[edit]

Luis Angel Firpo's shirts have been sponsored by Pilsener since 2017. Previous sponsors have been Tapachulteca (1988–1999), TACA (1992), Pepsi (1999), Diana (2007–2013), Pilsener (2007–2013), Burger King (2013) and Tigo (2009). Their kits have been manufactured by Galaxia (since) . Prior manufacturers have been Galaxia (1999–2007, 2018), Kelme (2017) and Joma (2009–2013), Aviva (2018-TBD)

Period Company
1988-1989 England Umbro
1994-1998 England Umbro
2011-2012 El Salvador Galaxia
2015 United States Rush Sports Wear
2017-2019 El Salvador Galaxia
2021 El Salvador Arijam Sports
2022-2023 El Salvador Tony Sports
2024–present El Salvador Arijam Sports

Current squad

[edit]

As of October 2023 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK El Salvador SLV Kevin Perez
2 DF El Salvador SLV Alexis Mendez
3 DF El Salvador SLV Michael Pleitez
4 DF El Salvador SLV Emerson Carranza
5 MF El Salvador SLV Cristian Vasquez
6 MF El Salvador SLV Daniel Bonilla
7 MF El Salvador SLV Bryan Martinez
8 MF El Salvador SLV Daniel Ramos
9 FW El Salvador SLV David Callejas
10 MF El Salvador SLV Kevin Ramos (captain)
11 MF El Salvador SLV Jonathan Aguilera
No. Pos. Nation Player
12 DF El Salvador SLV David Fuentes
14 DF El Salvador SLV Rodrigo Campos
15 MF El Salvador SLV Eduardo Hernandez
19 MF El Salvador SLV Douglas Mejia
20 MF El Salvador SLV Josue Garcia
21 DF El Salvador SLV Alejandro Arias
22 MF El Salvador SLV Fernando Trejo
24 FW El Salvador SLV Carlos Mendez
25 GK El Salvador SLV Steven Padilla
30 GK El Salvador SLV Johnathan Orellana

Out on loan

[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
El Salvador SLV TBD (at TBD for the 2023-24 Apertura and Clausura)

In

[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
El Salvador SLV TBD (From TBD)
El Salvador SLV TBD (From TBD)
El Salvador SLV TBD (From TBD)
No. Pos. Nation Player
El Salvador SLV TBD (From TBD)
El Salvador SLV TBD (From TBD)
El Salvador SLV TBD (From TBD)

Out

[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
Colombia COL Jhon Machado (To TBD)
El Salvador SLV Diego Chevez (To Alianza)
GK El Salvador SLV Daniel Gutiérrez (To TBD)
DF El Salvador SLV Geovanny Sigaran (To TBD)
FW El Salvador SLV Daniel Barrera (To TBD)
MF El Salvador SLV Roberto Melgar (To TBD)
GK Paraguay PAR Sandro Melgarejo (To TBD)
DF El Salvador SLV Reinaldo Aparicio (To TBD)
DF El Salvador SLV Mauricio Cerritos (To TBD)
El Salvador SLV Ever Rodriguez (To TBD)
El Salvador SLV Diego Coca (To TBD)
El Salvador SLV Daniel Torres (To TBD)
El Salvador SLV Cesar Orellana (To TBD)
No. Pos. Nation Player
DF El Salvador SLV Mario Alfaro (To TBD)
MF El Salvador SLV Mauricio Gomez (To TBD)
MF El Salvador SLV Ramon Rodriguez (To TBD)
El Salvador SLV Gil Sanchez (To TBD)
El Salvador SLV Axer Lopez (To TBD)
El Salvador SLV Jonathan Palma (To TBD)
Paraguay PAR Luis Ibarra (To Managua FC)
El Salvador SLV Jonathan Esquivel (To TBD)
El Salvador SLV TBD (To TBD)
El Salvador SLV TBD (To TBD)

Coaching staff

[edit]
Position Staff
Manager El Salvador Edson Flores (*)
Assistant Manager El Salvador TBD
Assistant Manager El Salvador TBD
Reserve Manager El Salvador TBD
Ladies's Manager El Salvador TBD
Fitness coach El Salvador TBD
Goalkeeper Coach El Salvador TBD
Kineslogic El Salvador TBD
Utility Equipment El Salvador TBD
Football director El Salvador TBD
Team Doctor El Salvador TBD

Management

[edit]
Position Staff
Owner Inversiones Sport Claros
President El Salvador Luis Carrillo
Vice President El Salvador
Secretary El Salvador Marlon Claros
Sportraadslid El Salvador German Estrada

Notable players

[edit]

Foreign players

[edit]

Players with senior international caps:

World cup players

[edit]

This list all the players that have represented their respective national teams at the World cup. Those in Bold were playing with Atletico Marte when they played : [3]

Copa America winners

[edit]

Amílcar Cabral Cup winners

[edit]

Team captains

[edit]
Name Years
El Salvador Julio Cesar Mejia (Muneca) 1966
El Salvador Guillermo Castro (Loro) 1968
El Salvador Alberto Villalta 1969-1970
El Salvador Sergio Méndez 1975
Brazil Helio Rodrigues 1976-1978
Argentina Luis Cesar Condomi 1977-1978
El Salvador Miguel Gonzalez 1978
El Salvador Freddy Rivera 1981
El Salvador Manuel "Lobo" Ramos y Ramos 1982-1983
El Salvador Ramón Fagoaga 1985
Uruguay Raúl Esnal 1986-1987
El Salvador Norberto Huezo 1987
El Salvador Carlos Cacho Melendez 1989
El Salvador Santana Sanabria 1990-1991
El Salvador Carlos Castro Borja 1992-1993
El Salvador Wilfredo Iraheta Sanabria 1993-1994
El Salvador Ricardo Guevara 1994-1995
El Salvador Carlos Castro Borja 1996
El Salvador Juan Carlos Hernández Baldizón 2002
El Salvador Anibal Parada 2008-2012
El Salvador Gilberto Baires 2012
El Salvador Erick Molina 2013-2014
El Salvador Anibal Parada 2015
El Salvador Erick Molina 2016
El Salvador Diego Hunter 2019-2020
Guatemala Luis Tatuaca 2020-2021
El Salvador Jose Portillo 2021
Colombia Andrés Quejada 2021-May 2022
El Salvador Diego Chevez June 2022- June 2023
El Salvador Kevin Ramos July 2023-Present

Club records

[edit]

Sergio Méndez is the all-time leading goalscorer for Atletico Marte, with 146—since joining the club in 1971. Miguel Gonzalez Barillas, who is the comes in second in all competitions with 87. TBD is the club's highest scorer in a single season with TBD goals in 00 appearances in the 1957–58 season. The most goals scored by a player in a single match is 4, This was achieved by TBD in a game against TBD in the 1980 season. The biggest victory recorded by Atletico Marte was 8–1 against Aguila, Primera División, 5 December 1993. Atletico Marte heaviest championship defeats came during the 1989 season: It was against TBD in 1989 (1–7).

  • Longest unbeaten run: 20 matches (1985 season)
  • First and only Salvadoran team to win the CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup (1991)
  • First coach of El Salvador that won three championships consecutively: Salvadoran Conrado Miranda with Atletico Marte in 1955–57.
  • First Salvadoran team to win in Costa Rican: defeating Deportivo Saprissa 2–0, 1952.
  • Last Salvadoran team to win a CONCACAF Competition: 1991 CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup

Head coaches of Atlético Marte

[edit]

The club's current manager is Salvadoran Edson Flores.[14] 12] There have been TBD permanent and TBD caretaker managers of Atletico Marte since the appointment of the club's first professional manager, Emilio Guardado in 1950. The club's longest-serving manager, in terms of both length of tenure and number of games overseen, is TBD, who managed the club between 1996 and 2018. Argentine José Santacomba was Atletico Marte's first manager from outside the El Salvador. Salvadorans Conrado Miranda and Armando Contreras Palma is the club's most successful coach, having won three Primera División titles and one Copa El Salvador; followed closely by Chilean Hernán Carrasco Vivanco, who won two Primera División titles.

The following managers won at least one trophy when in charge of Atlético Marte
Name Period Trophies
El Salvador Conrado Miranda 1955–1957 3 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional
Chile Hernán Carrasco Vivanco 1968–1970, 2002 2 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional
El Salvador Armando Contreras Palma 1981–1985, 1991, 1997 3 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional, 1 1991 Copa El Salvador
Uruguay Carlos Jurado 1991 1 UNCAF Cup Winners Cup
El Salvador Juan Ramón Paredes

[15]

1991 1 CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup
Argentina Ramiro Cepeda 2008–2010 1 Segunda División de El Salvador

List of presidents

[edit]

Atletico Marte have had numerous presidents[clarification needed] over the course of their history, some of which have been the owners of the club, others have been Military rulers. Here is a complete list from when Jesús Rodolfo Rodríguez took over at the club in 1950, until the present day.

 
Name Years
El Salvador Jesús Rodolfo Rodríguez (Military Leader) 1950
El Salvador José Castro Meléndez (Military Leader) 1950
El Salvador Carlos H. Cornejo (Military Leader) TBD
El Salvador Salvador Henríquez (Military Leader) TBD
El Salvador Oscar René Serrano (Military Leader) 1973
El Salvador Miguel Angel Castillo (Military Leader) TBD
El Salvador Angel Napoleón Orantes (Military Leader) TBD
El Salvador Jesús Gabriel Contreras (Military Leader) TBD
El Salvador Max Leiva (Military Leader) TBD
El Salvador Jorge Alberto Domínguez (Military Leader) TBD
El Salvador Marco A. González (Military Leader) TBD
El Salvador Mauricio Ernesto Vargas (Military Leader) 1995
El Salvador Héctor Lobo (Military Leader) TBD
El Salvador Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez (Military Leader) TBD
El Salvador Mauricio Hernandez (Military Leader) 1988–89
 
Name Years
El Salvador Esteban Munguía TBD
El Salvador Félix Castillo Mayorga 1982–84
El Salvador Felipe Mira, Orlando Calderón TBD
El Salvador José A. Platero TBD
El Salvador Odilio Viche TBD
El Salvador Saúl Salguero TBD
El Salvador Otmaro Luna TBD
El Salvador Osmín Viscarra TBD
El Salvador Emilio Charur TBD
El Salvador Ernesto "El Chato" Vargas 1994
El Salvador Mauricio Ernesto Vargas 1997-1998
El Salvador Rafael Ignacio Perez 1999-TBD
El Salvador Vicente Carranza 2001
El Salvador Félix Guardado 2002–12
El Salvador Hugo Carrillo 2012–2016
El Salvador Tomas Aguirre 2017–2018
El Salvador Hugo Carrillo 2019–2022
El Salvador Marlon Claros 2023–Present

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ On June 14, 2009, the club won the right to be in the Primera División by defeating AFI-El Roble of Ilobasco in the Finals of the Segundo División.

https://www.lacarnerds.com/

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Roble y Marte, a asaltar el liderato en Segunda Divisi n | Noticias de El Salvador - elsalvador.com". 23 February 2018.
  2. ^ "Club Deportivo Atlético Marte :: Estadísticas :: Títulos :: Títulos :: Historia :: Goles :: Próximos Partidos :: Resultados :: Noticias :: Vídeos :: Fotos :: Plantilla :: Ceroacero.es".
  3. ^ "Empatitis en el inicio de la jornada de Segunda Divisi n | Noticias de El Salvador - elsalvador.com". 18 February 2018.
  4. ^ "Campeones". CLIMA. 2008. Archived from the original on 26 January 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  5. ^ "Los años de gloria". El Salvador.com. 21 April 2002. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  6. ^ "Marte pagó el precio más alto". El Salvador.com. 24 April 2002. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  7. ^ "Atlético Marte: Maximus Invictus". Culebrita Macheteada. 1 November 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  8. ^ "Y volver, volver, volver..." La Prensa Grafica. 4 May 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  9. ^ "Chalatecos y marcianos nuevos inquilinos de la Liga Pepsi". primerafutboles. 18 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  10. ^ "Otra vez a segunda". El Grafico. 28 April 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  11. ^ "Vuelve Atlético Marte a Primera División: El Vencedor le "donará" su categoríaa". Elsalavdor.com. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  12. ^ "Marte cede su categoria al Limeno" [Marte cedes their spot to Limeno]. elgrafico.com (in Spanish). 26 June 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  13. ^ Sandoval, Williams (23 October 2020). "Duelo por la capital". elgrafico.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  14. ^ 12
  15. ^ "Marte, con un proyecto serio". ElSalvador.com. 10 January 2001. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
[edit]