List of town tramway systems in the United Kingdom

This is a list of town tramway systems in the United Kingdom divided by constituent country and by regions of England. It includes all tram systems, past and present. Most of the tram systems operated on 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge (SG) or 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) track, although there were a small number of other gauges used. Where known, the track gauge is indicated in the 'Notes' column.

Most of these systems have closed, but a list of the remaining systems can be found at List of modern tramway and light rail systems in the United Kingdom. At the peak of Britain’s first-generation tramways, it was possible to travel by tram all the way from Pier Head at Liverpool to the Pennines in Rochdale by tram.[1]

England, by region

[edit]

East Midlands

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Alford Alford and Sutton Tramway Steam 2 April 1884 December 1889 [2] 2 ft 6 in (762 mm)
Burton upon Trent Burton upon Trent Corporation Tramways Electric 3 August 1903 31 December 1929 [3] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Burton and Ashby Light Railways Electric 13 June 1906 19 February 1927 [4] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Chesterfield Chesterfield and District Tramways Horse 8 November 1882 end of 1904 [5] SG
Chesterfield Corporation Tramways Electric 20 December 1904 23 May 1927 [6] SG
Derby Derby Tramways Company Horse 6 March 1880 1 June 1907 [7] 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Derby Corporation Tramways Electric 27 July 1904 29 June 1934 [8] 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Ilkeston Ilkeston Corporation Tramways Electric 16 May 1903 15 January 1931 [9] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Leicester Leicester Tramways Company Horse 24 December 1874 31 October 1904 [10] SG
Leicester Corporation Tramways Electric 18 May 1904 9 November 1949 [11] SG
Lincoln Lincoln Tramways Company Horse 8 September 1882 22 July 1905 [12] SG
Lincoln Corporation Tramways Electric 23 November 1905 4 March 1929 [13] SG
Mansfield Mansfield & District Light Railways. Electric 16 July 1905 9 October 1932 [14] SG
Matlock Matlock Cable Tramway Cable 28 March 1893 30 September 1927 [15] SG
Northampton Northampton Street Tramways Horse 4 June 1881 18 August 1904 [16] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Northampton Corporation Tramways Electric 21 July 1904 15 December 1934 [17] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Nottingham Nottingham and District Tramways Company Limited Horse 17 September 1878 30 April 1902 [18] SG
Steam 1885 1889 [18] SG
Nottingham Corporation Tramways Electric 1 January 1901 5 September 1936 [19] SG
Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Tramways Company Electric 4 July 1913 5 October 1932 [20] SG
Nottingham Express Transit Electric 9 March 2004   [21] SG

East of England

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Cambridge Cambridge Street Tramways Horse 28 October 1880 18 February 1914 [22] SG
Canvey Island Canvey Island Tramways Horse 1901 c.1904 [23] Monorail.[24]
Colchester Colchester Corporation Tramways Electric 28 July 1904 8 December 1929 [25] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Ipswich Ipswich Tramway Horse 13 October 1880 6 June 1903 [26] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Ipswich Corporation Tramways Electric 23 November 1903 26 July 1926 [27] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Lowestoft Lowestoft Corporation Tramways Electric 22 July 1903 8 May 1931 [28] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Luton Luton Corporation Tramways Electric 21 February 1908 16 April 1932 [29] SG
Norwich Norwich Electric Tramways Electric 30 July 1900 10 December 1935 [30] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Peterborough Peterborough Tramways Electric 24 January 1903 15 November 1930 [31] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Southend-on-Sea Southend-on-Sea Corporation Tramways Electric 19 July 1901 8 April 1942 [32] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Wisbech Wisbech and Upwell Tramway Steam/Diesel 20 August 1883 31 December 1927 [33] SG
Great Yarmouth Yarmouth and Gorleston Tramways Horse 25 March 1875 4 July 1905 [34] 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm) then 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Great Yarmouth Corporation Tramways Electric 19 June 1902 14 December 1933 [35] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)

Greater London

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
London   Horse 23 March 1861
2 May 1870 		1861
30 April 1915 		SG
Cable 1884 1909 [1]. SG.
Accumulator (storage battery) 1889 1892 SG
Electric 4 April 1901 5 July 1952 SG. see Trams in London. Tram tunnel (Kingsway tramway subway), 24 February 1906 – 5 April 1952.

Note: Horse tramways existed as several unconnected systems north of the Thames, a system (owned and operated by several undertakings) south of the River Thames, and two unconnected systems at Croydon.

Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Kew Bridge–Richmond West Metropolitan Tramways Company Horse 1883 1912 SG. Not electrified.

Electric tramways – Inner London

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  London County Council   15 May 1903 5 July 1952 To London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) from 1 July 1933. Nationalised on 1 January 1948 as the London Transport Executive.

Note: The LCC tramway system was assembled from predecessors including fourteen municipal and three company undertakings. Tramways were not built in the City of London and the West End of London because of local opposition. The South London system had segments north of the Thames, notably the Victoria Embankment. However, this system was not connected to the North London system until construction of the Kingsway tramway subway. Reintroduction planned: (Cross River Tram scheme), Camden Town / Kings Cross–Euston–Waterloo–Brixton / Peckham [2].

Other electric tramway operators

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Tramways absorbed by the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB), or closed previously. Clockwise from north:
Walthamstow Walthamstow Urban District Council Light Railways Electric 3 June 1905 1939 SG. To LPTB from 1 July 1933.
Leyton Leyton Urban District Council Tramways Electric 1 June 1905 1939 SG
West Ham West Ham Corporation Tramways Electric 27 February 1904 1940 SG
East Ham East Ham Corporation Tramways Electric 22 June 1901 1940 SG
Ilford Ilford Urban District Council Tramways Electric 14 March 1903 1938 SG
Barking (Town) Barking Town Urban District Council Light Railways Electric 1 December 1903 16 February 1929 SG. (Last tramway line in Barking closed prior to creation of LPTB.)
Bexley Bexley Urban District Council Tramways Electric 3 October 1903 24 November 1935 SG
Erith Erith Urban District Council Tramways Electric 26 August 1905 9 November 1935 SG
Dartford Dartford Urban District Council Light Railways Electric 14 February 1906 23 November 1935 SG. Taken over by London Transport on 1 July 1933 and closed 23 November 1935
Croydon Croydon Tramways Company Horse 9 October 1879 3 January 1902 SG
Croydon Corporation Tramways Electric 26 September 1901 7 April 1951 SG
South Metropolitan Electric Tramways Electric 14 February 1906 September 1937 [3]
West and South London London United Tramways Electric 4 April 1901 1931 SG
Middlesex, Hertfordshire Metropolitan Electric Tramways Horse 2 May 1870 1904 (?) SG
Electric 22 July 1904 1939 SG
Currently operating or proposed:
Croydon/South London Tramlink Electric 10 May 2000 SG. [4] [5]
Camden–Peckham/Brixton Cross River Tram Electric Proposal shelved since 2008 SG
Uxbridge–Shepherd's Bush West London Tram Electric Proposal shelved since 2007 SG

North East England

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Darlington Darlington Street Railroad Company Horse 1 January 1862 1 January 1865  SG
Stockton and Darlington Steam Tramway Company Horse 1880 1904 3 ft (914 mm). Horse operated despite the company title. Not connected to the Stockton system operated by this company.
Darlington Corporation Light Railways Electric 2 June 1904 10 April 1926 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). [6][permanent dead link].
Teesside Middlesbrough and Stockton Tramways Company Horse 20 January 1875 1898 SG. Sold out to Imperial Tramways Company in 1878
Stockton and Darlington Steam Tramway Company Steam 17 November 1881 1893 4 ft (1,219 mm). Not connected to the Darlington system operated by this company. Sold to the Stockton and District Tramways Company in 1893
Stockton and District Tramways Company Steam 1893 1896 4 ft (1,219 mm). Sold out to Imperial Tramways Company
Middlesbrough, Stockton and Thornaby Electric Tramways Company Electric 21 May 1898 2 April 1921 3 ft 7 in (1,093 mm). Operated by Imperial Tramways Company
Middlesbrough Corporation Tramways Electric 3 April 1921 9 June 1934 3 ft 7 in (1,093 mm). Middlesbrough, Stockton and Thornaby Electric Tramways Company until 1921
Stockton-on-Tees Corporation Tramways Electric 3 April 1921 9 June 1934 3 ft 7 in (1,093 mm). Middlesbrough, Stockton and Thornaby Electric Tramways Company until 1921
Thornaby on Tees Corporation Tramways Electric 3 April 1921 1 August 1930 3 ft 7 in (1,093 mm). Middlesbrough, Stockton and Thornaby Electric Tramways Company until 1921
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Newcastle and Gosforth Tramways and Carriage Company Horse 5 December 1878 13 April 1901 SG
Steam 1882 1897 SG
Newcastle Corporation Tramways Electric 16 December 1901 4 March 1950 SG. [7]. Through workings to Gateshead from 1923. Newcastle served by Gateshead tramway system to 4 August 1951.
Gosforth–Wallsend–North Shields (Tyneside) Tyneside Tramways and Tramroads Company Electric 22 September 1902 6 April 1930  SG
North Shields–Tynemouth–Whitley Bay (Tynemouth) Tynemouth and District Tramways Horse 1883 1884 3 ft (914 mm). Taken over by North Shields and District Tramways Company in 1884 and North Shields and Tynemouth District Tramways in 1897
Steam 1884 1900
Tynemouth and District Electric Traction Company Electric 18 March 1901 4 August 1931 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Gateshead Gateshead and District Tramways Company Steam October 1883 8 May 1901  SG
Electric 8 May 1901 4 August 1951 SG. [8]. Through working to Newcastle from 1923.
South Shields South Shields Tramways Horse 1 August 1883

Mar 1887

1885

31 January 1906

 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
South Shields Corporation Tramways Electric 30 March 1906 31 March 1946 SG. [9].
Jarrow Jarrow and District Electric Tramway Electric 9 November 1906 30 June 1929 SG. [10].
Sunderland Sunderland Tramways Company Horse 28 April 1879 19 February 1901  SG
Steam 1880 1880  
Sunderland Corporation Tramways Electric 15 August 1900 1 October 1954 SG. [11].
Grangetown–Ryhope–Philadelphia–Hetton-le-Hole (Sunderland District) Sunderland District Electric Tramways Electric 10 June 1905 12 July 1925 SG. [12]
West Hartlepool Hartlepools Steam Tramways Company Steam 2 August 1884 21 February 1891  3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Hartlepool Electric Tramways Electric 19 May 1896 25 March 1927  3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)

North West England

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Accrington Accrington Corporation Steam Tramways Company Steam 5 April 1886 31 December 1907 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Accrington Corporation Tramways Electric 1 January 1908 31 March 1932 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Ashton-under-Lyne Ashton-Under-Lyne Corporation Tramways Electric 19 August 1902 28 February 1938 SG
Oldham, Ashton and Hyde Electric Tramway Electric 12 June 1899 1947 SG
Manchester Metrolink Electric 11 February 2013 SG
Atherton South Lancashire Tramways Electric 20 October 1902 16 December 1933 [36] SG
Barrow-in-Furness Barrow-in-Furness Tramways Company Steam 11 July 1885 13 July 1903 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Electric 6 February 1904 5 April 1932 SG
Birkenhead Birkenhead Tramways Company Horse 30 August 1860 8 November 1901 [36] 5 ft 2 in (1,575 mm) then SG
Hoylake and Birkenhead Tramways Horse 6 September 1873 12 October 1879 SG. Taken over by the Birkenhead Tramways Company
Wirral Tramways Company Horse 23 July 1877 22 January 1901 SG. Taken over by the Birkenhead Tramways Company
Birkenhead Corporation Tramways Electric 4 February 1901 17 July 1937 [36] SG
Wirral Tramway Electric 14 April 1995 - SG
Blackburn Blackburn and Over Darwen Tramways Company Steam 16 April 1881 9 July 1901 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Blackburn Corporation Tramways Horse 28 May 1887 1901 SG
Electric 20 March 1899 3 September 1949 SG
Blackpool Blackpool and Fleetwood Tramroad Electric 14 July 1898 1 January 1920 SG. Taken over by Blackpool Corporation Tramways
Blackpool Electric Tramway Company Electric 12 September 1885 10 September 1892 SG. Taken over by Blackpool Corporation Tramways
Blackpool Corporation Tramways Horse, Conduit Electric and Overhead Electric 10 September 1892   SG
Bolton Bolton Corporation Tramways Horse 1 September 1880 1 January 1899  
Electric 9 December 1899 1947 SG
Burnley Burnley & District Tramways Company Steam August 1881 1 March 1900 SG
Burnley Corporation Tramways Electric 16 December 1901 7 May 1935 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Bury   Horse ? ?  
Manchester, Bury, Rochdale and Oldham Tramways Steam 1886 April 1904 SG and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Bury Corporation Tramways Electric 3 June 1903 13 February 1949 SG
Manchester Metrolink Electric 6 April 1992   SG
Carlisle City of Carlisle Electric Tramways Electric 30 June 1900 21 November 1931 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Chester Chester Tramways Company Horse 10 June 1879 27 December 1902 [36] SG
Chester Corporation Tramways Electric 6 April 1903 15 February 1930 [36] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Colne Colne and Trawden Light Railway Company Electric 28 November 1903 6 January 1934 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Darwen Blackburn and Over Darwen Tramways Company Steam 16 April 1881 16 October 1900 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Darwen Corporation Tramways Electric 16 October 1900 5 October 1946 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Farnworth Farnworth Council Tramways Horse, then electric 9 January 1902 1 April 1906 Taken over by South Lancashire Tramways
Glossop Glossop Tramway Electric 21 August 1903 24 December 1927  
Haslingden Haslingden Corporation Tramways Electric 1 January 1908 30 April 1930 Nominally independent, in practice part of Accrington Corporation Tramways
Heywood Heywood Corporation Tramways Steam 10 December 1904 20 September 1905 Taken over by Rochdale Corporation Tramways
Lancaster Lancaster Corporation Tramways Electric 14 January 1903 4 April 1930 SG
Lancaster and District Tramways Horse 2 August 1890 31 December 1921  
Liverpool Old Swan Tramway Horse 1861 1862
Liverpool Tramways Company Horse 1 November 1869 25 August 1903 [36] SG
Liverpool Corporation Tramways Electric 16 November 1898 14 September 1957 [36] SG
Great Crosby Tramway Electric 19 June 1900 31 December 1925 [36]
Waterloo & Great Crosby Waterloo and Great Crosby Tramways Company Electric 19 June 1900 31 December 1925  
Lytham St Annes   Town Gas 11 July 1896 1903 [37]
Lytham St. Annes Corporation Tramways Electric 28 May 1903 28 April 1937 SG
Manchester Manchester and Salford Tramways Horse 17 May 1877 31 March 1903  
Manchester Corporation Tramways Electric 6 June 1901 10 January 1949 SG
Manchester Metrolink Electric 6 April 1992   SG
Middleton Middleton Electric Traction Company Electric 27 March 1902 1935  
Morecambe Morecambe Tramways Company Horse 3 June 1887 15 January 1912  
Petrol 15 January 1912 24 October 1924  
Morecambe Corporation Tramways Horse 26 July 1909 6 October 1926  
Nelson Nelson Corporation Tramways Electric 23 February 1903 6 January 1934 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Oldham   Horse 16 September 1880 1 November 1901  
Steam November 1885 19 November 1901  
Oldham Corporation Tramways Electric 15 December 1900 3 August 1946 SG
Manchester Metrolink Electric 13 June 2012   SG
Preston Preston Tramways Company Horse 20 March 1879 31 December 1903 SG
Preston Corporation Tramways Electric 7 June 1904 15 December 1934 SG
Radcliffe   Electric 4 January 1905 8 October 1938  
Rawtenstall Rossendale Valley Tramways Steam 10 November 1887 23 July 1909  
Rawtenstall Corporation Tramways Electric 15 May 1909 31 March 1932 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Rawtenstall–Bacup Steam 1889 ?  
Electric 1909 1932  
Rochdale Manchester, Bury, Rochdale and Oldham Steam Tramways Company Steam 7 March 1883 8 May 1905  
Rochdale Corporation Tramways Electric 22 May 1902 3 July 1932 SG
Manchester Metrolink Electric 28 February 2013   SG
St. Helens St Helens and District Tramways Company Horse 5 November 1881 May 1890 [36]
Steam 24 May 1890 7 April 1900 [36]
New St Helens and District Tramways Electric 20 July 1899 1 October 1919 [36] SG
St Helens Corporation Tramways Electric 1 October 1919 31 March 1936 [36] SG
Salford Salford Tramway Horse 1861 1872  
  Horse 30 July 1877 by October 1903  
Salford Corporation Tramways Electric 4 October 1901 31 March 1947  
Manchester Metrolink Electric 21 July 2000 SG
Southport Southport Tramways Company Electric 18 July 1900 31 December 1934 [36]
Southport Corporation Tramways Electric 18 July 1900 31 December 1934 [36] SG
Southport Pier Tramway Various 1862 June 2015 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Replaced by land train.[38]
Birkdale Birkdale and Southport Tramways Company Horse 12 May 1883 1896  
Stalybridge   Horse 14 June 1881 14 October 1903  
Stalybridge, Hyde, Mossley and Dukinfield Tramways Electric 12 June 1899 21 May 1945  
Stockport Stockport and Hazel Grove Tramway Horse 7 May 1880 24 January 1905  
Stockport Corporation Tramways Electric 26 August 1901 25 August 1951  
Trafford Trafford Park Tramways Gas, electric 23 July 1897 1 May 1908  
Manchester Metrolink Electric 6 April 1992 SG
Wallasey Wallasey United Tramway and Omnibus Company Horse 30 June 1879 19 March 1902 [36]
Wallasey Corporation Tramways Electric 17 March 1902 30 November 1933 [36] SG
Warrington Warrington Corporation Tramways Electric 21 April 1902 28 August 1935 [36] SG
Wigan Wigan and District Tramways Horse 2 August 1880 1882 [36]
Steam 8 August 1882 26 September 1904 [36]
Wigan Corporation Tramways Electric 25 January 1901 28 March 1931 [36] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) and SG

South East England

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Aldershot and Farnborough Aldershot and Farnborough Tramways Company Horse   1906  
Brighton Brighton Corporation Tramways Electric 25 November 1901 31 August 1939 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Chatham Chatham and District Light Railways Company Electric 17 June 1902 30 September 1930 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Served Chatham, Rochester and Gillingham.
Dover Dover Corporation Tramways Electric 6 September 1897 31 December 1936 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). [13].
Folkestone (Sandgate)–Hythe Folkestone, Hythe and Sandgate Tramways Horse 18 May 1891 30 September 1921 SG. Operation suspended 7 August 1914 – May 1919, operated only during summer season 1919–1921.
Gravesend Gravesend, Rosherville and Northfleet Tramways Horse 15 June 1883 30 June 1901 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Gravesend and Northfleet Electric Tramways Electric 2 August 1902 28 February 1929 SG
Hastings Hastings and District Electric Tramways Electric 31 July 1905 15 May 1929 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Maidstone Maidstone Corporation Tramways Electric 14 July 1904 11 February 1930 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Margate–Ramsgate (Isle of Thanet) Isle of Thanet Electric Tramways and Lighting Company Electric 4 April 1901 24 March 1937 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Oxford City of Oxford Tramways Company Horse 1 December 1881 7 August 1914 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Portsmouth Portsmouth Street Tramways Horse 15 May 1865 1 January 1901  
Portsmouth Corporation Transport Electric 24 September 1901 10 October 1936 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm). [14].
Cosham–Horndean Portsdown and Horndean Light Railway Electric 3 March 1903 9 January 1935 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)
Gosport–Fareham Gosport and Fareham Tramways Electric 20 December 1905 31 December 1929  
Reading Reading Tramways Company Horse 1879 21 July 1903 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Reading Corporation Tramways Electric 22 July 1903 20 May 1939 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Rye–Camber Rye and Camber Tramway Steam 1895 ? 3 ft (914 mm)
? Petrol (gasoline) 4 September 1939 [15].
Sheerness Sheerness and District Tramways Electric 9 April 1903 7 July 1917 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). [16][permanent dead link].
Shoreham-by-Sea Brighton and Shoreham Tramways Steam, then horse 3 July 1884 6 June 1913 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Despite the company name, it never ran into Brighton.
Southampton Southampton Tramways Company Horse 5 May 1879 1 July 1898 SG
Southampton Corporation Tramways Electric 1 July 1898 31 December 1949 SG
Wantage Wantage Tramway Horse 11 October 1875 188_ SG
Steam 1 August 1876 31 July 1925 SG
Wolverton–Stony Stratford Wolverton and Stony Stratford Tramway Steam 27 May 1887 4 May 1926 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). [17].

South West England

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Bath Bath Tramways Company Horse 24 December 1880 25 July 1902 [39] 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Bath Electric Tramways Company Electric 2 January 1904 6 May 1939 [39] SG

There is currently a proposal to re-instate the tram system [18]

Bristol Bristol Tramways and Carriage Co Ltd Horse 9 August 1875 1900 [39]
Steam 1880 1881 [39]
Electric 14 October 1895 11 April 1941 [39]

Closed because of bomb damage

Bournemouth Bournemouth Corporation Tramways Electric 23 July 1902 8 April 1936 [40] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Camborne Camborne and Redruth Tramways Electric 7 November 1902 29 September 1927 [39] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Cheltenham Cheltenham and District Light Railway Electric 17 August 1901 31 December 1930 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Devonport Devonport and District Tramways Electric 26 June 1901 20 October 1915 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Taken over by Plymouth Corporation Tramways
Exeter Exeter Tramway Company Horse 6 April 1882 4 April 1905 [39] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Exeter Corporation Tramways Electric 4 April 1905 19 August 1931 [39] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Gloucester Gloucester Tramways Company Horse 26 May 1879 17 March 1904 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Gloucester Corporation Tramways Electric 7 May 1904 12 January 1933 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Poole Poole and District Electric Tramways Electric 6 April 1901 8 June 1935 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). A British Electric Traction company; sold to Poole Corporation and leased to Bournemouth Corporation Tramways from June 1905[40]
Plymouth Plymouth, Devonport and District Tramways Steam 4 November 1884 14 November 1885 [39] SG, then converted to 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Plymouth, Stonehouse and Devonport Tramways Horse, then electric 18 March 1872 1 July 1922 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Taken over by Plymouth Corporation Tramways
Plymouth Corporation Tramways Electric 22 September 1899 29 September 1945 [39] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Seaton, Devon Seaton Tramway Electric 28 August 1970 operational 2 ft 9 in (838 mm)
Swindon Swindon Corporation Tramways Electric 22 September 1904 11 July 1929 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Taunton Taunton Electric Traction Co Ltd Electric 21 August 1901 28 May 1921 [39] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Torquay Torquay Tramways Co Ltd Electric 4 April 1907 31 January 1934 [39] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Weston-super-Mare Weston-super-Mare & District Electric Supply Co Ltd Electric 13 May 1902 17 April 1937 [39] SG

West Midlands

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Birmingham Birmingham and District Tramways Company Horse 20 May 1872 24 May 1876 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Sold to the Birmingham Tramways and Omnibus Company
Birmingham Tramways and Omnibus Company Horse 24 May 1876 January 1886 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Sold to the Birmingham Central Tramway Company
Birmingham and Aston Tramways Company Steam 26 December 1882 30 June 1902 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Sold to Aston Manor Urban District Council and leased to the City of Birmingham Tramways Company
Birmingham Central Tramway Company Horse, steam, cable and accumulator 25 November 1884 29 September 1896 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Sold to the City of Birmingham Tramways Company
Birmingham and Midland Tramways Steam, horse and electric 6 July 1885 1 April 1928 From 13 August 1912 the Company name was changed to the Birmingham District Power and Traction Company
Birmingham and Western Districts Tramways Company Steam August 1885 1899 Sold to British Electric Traction
City of Birmingham Tramways Company Horse, steam, cable and accumulator 29 September 1896 31 December 1911 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Sold to Birmingham Corporation Tramways
Birmingham Corporation Tramways Electric 14 May 1901 4 July 1953 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
West Midlands Metro Electric 30 May 1999   SG
Stourbridge Dudley and Stourbridge Steam Tramways Company Steam 21 May 1884 25 July 1899 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Dudley, Stourbridge and District Electric Traction Company Electric 26 July 1899 1 March 1930 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Part of "Black Country Tramway System".
Stourbridge Kinver Light Railway Electric 4 April 1901 8 February 1930 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Part of "Black Country Tramway System". [19].
Wednesbury South Staffordshire and Birmingham District Steam Tramways Company Steam 1883 1893 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
South Staffordshire Tramways Company Electric 1 January 1893 1 April 1924 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Part of "Black Country Tramway System". To Dudley, Stourbridge and District undertaking from 17 December 1930.
West Midlands Metro Electric 30 May 1999   SG
Walsall South Staffordshire and Birmingham District Steam Tramways Company Steam 1883 1901 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Walsall Corporation Tramways Electric 1 January 1901 30 September 1933 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Wolverhampton Wolverhampton Tramways Company Horse 1 May 1878 1 May 1900 SG. Purchased by Wolverhampton Corporation and converted to 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Wolverhampton Corporation Tramways Electric 6 February 1902 11 July 1928 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). [20], [21].
West Midlands Metro Electric 30 May 1999   SG
Wolverhampton–Dudley Dudley, Sedgley and Wolverhampton Tramways Company Horse 1 May 1878 18 October 1888  
Midland Tramways Company Horse 18 October 1888 1893  
Dudley and Wolverhampton Tramways Company Horse 1893 1899  
Wolverhampton District Electric Tramways Company Electric 9 January 1902 1929 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Part of "Black Country Tramway System". To Wolverhampton Corporation Tramways from 1 September 1928.
Coventry Coventry and District Tramways Company Steam 1884 1893 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Coventry Electric Tramways Company Electric 5 December 1895 1 January 1912 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Coventry Corporation Tramways Electric 1 January 1912 14 November 1940 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). [22]. Closed because of bomb damage.
Coventry Very Light Rail Battery Powered Under Construction (TBC 2024)   SG
Kidderminster–Stourport (-on-Severn) Kidderminster and Stourport Electric Tramway Company Electric 25 May 1898 2 April 1929. 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Unconnected part of "Black Country Tramway System".
(Royal) Leamington (Spa)–Warwick Leamington & Warwick Tramways & Omnibus Company Horse 21 November 1881 15 March 1905 SG
Electric 15 July 1905 16 August 1930 SG
Stoke-on-Trent (The Potteries) Staffordshire Potteries Street Railway Company Horse 13 January 1862 2 March 1880 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
North Staffordshire Tramways Company Steam 22 April 1881 27 June 1898 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Potteries Electric Traction Company Electric 16 May 1899 1928 4 ft (1,219 mm). Also served Newcastle-under-Lyme.
Worcester Tramways Trust Company Horse 1881 1885 3 ft (914 mm)
City of Worcester Tramways Company Horse 1889 1894 3 ft (914 mm)
Worcester Tramways Company Horse 1894 25 June 1903 3 ft (914 mm)
Worcester Electric Traction Company Electric 6 February 1904 31 May 1928 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)

Yorkshire and the Humber

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Cleethorpes Great Grimsby Street Tramways Company Horse 1881 1901 SG
Electric 1 January 1902 November 1936 SG
Cleethorpes Corporation Tramways Electric 15 July 1936 17 July 1937 SG. Cleethorpes took over the Great Grimsby Street Tramways lines within their boundary, the remainder going to Grimsby
Doncaster Doncaster Corporation Tramways Electric 2 June 1902 8 June 1935 SG
(Great) Grimsby Great Grimsby Street Tramways Company Horse 1881 1901 SG
Electric 1 January 1902 15 July 1936 SG
Grimsby Corporation Tramways Electric 6 April 1925 31 March 1937 SG
Grimsby–Immingham Grimsby & Immingham Electric Railway Steam 3 January 1901 14 May 1912 SG
Electric 15 May 1912 1 July 1961 SG. [23][permanent dead link].
(Kingston upon) Hull Hull Street Tramways Company Horse 9 January 1875 1899 SG. Company in liquidation 1889, acquired by Hull Corporation 1895, last horse tram in city 1899
Drypool and Marfleet Steam Tramways Company Steam 22 May 1889 1899 SG. Acquired by Hull Corporation 1899, last steam tram operated 1901
City of Hull Tramways Electric 5 July 1899 30 June 1945 SG. Formed from the acquisition of Hull Street Tramways and Drypool and Marfleet Steam Tramways Company, system electrified 1899–1901
Trams replaced by trolleybuses in late 1930s and 1940s.
Leeds Leeds Tramways Company Horse 16 September 1871 13 October 1901 SG
Steam 17 June 1880 1 April 1902 SG
Leeds Corporation Tramways Electric 11 November 1891 7 November 1959 SG
Bradford Bradford Tramways Company Horse 1 February 1882 by 1903 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Bradford Tramways Company and Bradford and Shelf Tramway Company Steam 8 August 1882 by 1903 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Bradford Corporation Tramways Electric March 1892

30 June 1898

March 1892

6 May 1950

4 ft (1,219 mm)
Keighley Keighley Tramways Company Horse 8 May 1889 28 May 1904 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Keighley Corporation Tramways Electric 12 October 1904 17 December 1924 SG
Shipley Shipley Tramways Company Horse 3 August 1882 9 October 1891  
Mid-Yorkshire Tramways Electric 23 July 1903 30 April 1904 Taken over by Bradford Corporation Tramways
Halifax Halifax Corporation Tramways Electric 9 June 1898 14 February 1939 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Huddersfield  Huddersfield Corporation Tramways Horse 16 November 1882 1 April 1888 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)
Steam 11 January 1883 21 June 1902 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)
Electric 14 February 1901 29 June 1940 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)
Dewsbury Yorkshire (Woollen District) Electric Tramways Electric 18 February 1903 31 October 1934 SG. Also includes Batley Corporation Tramways
Dewsbury–Batley–Birstall Dewsbury, Batley and Birstall Tramways Company Horse and steam 25 July 1874 26 September 1905  
Dewsbury–Ossett Dewsbury, Ossett and Soothill Nether Tramways Electric 11 November 1908 19 October 1933  
Wakefield Wakefield and District Light Railway Electric 15 August 1904 25 July 1932 SG
Castleford Yorkshire (West Riding) Electric Tramways Electric 29 October 1906 1 November 1925 SG
Scarborough Scarborough Tramways Company Electric 6 May 1904 30 September 1931 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Sheffield Sheffield Tramways Company Horse 6 October 1873 11 November 1902 SG
Sheffield Corporation Tramways Electric 5 September 1899 8 October 1960 SG
Sheffield Supertram Electric 21 March 1994 in operation SG. [24]
Rotherham Rotherham Tramway Electric 31 January 1903 13 November 1949 SG
Sheffield Supertram Electric 28 October 2018 in operation SG Tram-train
Mexborough–Swinton Mexborough & Swinton Tramways Company Electric 16 February 1907 19 March 1929 SG
(Wath-upon-) Dearne (Dearne District) Dearne District Light Railways Electric 14 July 1924 30 September 1933 [25]. "Last" tramway system opened in the UK (until Manchester Metrolink).
Barnsley Barnsley and District Tramway Electric 31 October 1902 31 August 1930 SG
York York Tramways Company and City of York Tramways Company Horse 1880 27 February 1909 4 ft (1,219 mm)
York Corporation Tramways Electric 20 January 1910 16 November 1935 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)

Scotland

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Aberdeen Aberdeen District Tramways Horse 1874 1900 SG
Aberdeen Corporation Tramways Electric 23 December 1899 3 May 1958 SG. Replaced by motor buses
Aberdeen–Bankhead and Aberdeen–Bieldside Aberdeen Suburban Tramways Electric 23 June 1904 9 June 1927 SG. Replaced by Aberdeen Corporation motor buses
Ayr Ayr Corporation Tramways Electric 26 September 1901 31 December 1931 SG. Replaced by Western SMT motor buses
Carstairs West Carstairs House Tramway Electric 6 February 1886 1905 2 ft 6 in (762 mm). First permanent electric railway in Scotland
Horse 1905 1935 2 ft 6 in (762 mm)
Cruden Bay Cruden Bay Hotel Tramway Electric 1899 31 October 1932 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Great North of Scotland Railway tramway linking Cruden Bay Hotel to railway station, replaced by a Rolls-Royce car [26]
Dumbarton Dumbarton Burgh and County Tramways Electric 20 February 1907 3 March 1928 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm). Defunct, replaced by competitors' motor buses
Dundee Dundee and District Tramways Horse 30 August 1877 12 July 1900 SG
Steam 1885 15 May 1902 SG
Dundee Corporation Tramways Electric 13 July 1900 20 October 1956 SG. Replaced by motor buses
Dundee–Broughty Ferry Dundee, Broughty Ferry and District Tramways Electric 27 October 1905 16 May 1931 SG. Replaced by Dundee Corporation motor buses. Acquired by Dundee Corporation Tramways in 1931.
Dunfermline Dunfermline and District Tramways Electric 2 November 1909 15 July 1937 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Replaced by Walter Alexander & Sons buses
Edinburgh Edinburgh Street Tramways Horse 6 November 1871 23 October 1904 SG
Steam 23 April 1881 27 October 1882 SG. Previous operations in 1876, 1877 and 1880.
Edinburgh Northern Tramways Cable 28 January 1888 23 June 1923 SG
Edinburgh Corporation Tramways Electric 8 June 1910 16 November 1956 SG. Replaced by buses. For new tramway see Edinburgh Trams.
Edinburgh Trams Electric 31 May 2014 in operation SG
Leith Leith Corporation Tramways Horse 16 November 1871 24 August 1907 SG. Incorporated into Edinburgh Corporation Tramways in 1922.
Electric 18 May 1905 20 November 1920 SG. Absorbed by Edinburgh Corporation Tramways 1920, last trams ran in Leith 11 March 1956.
Edinburgh Trams Electric 7 June 2023 in operation SG
Musselburgh Musselburgh and District Electric Light and Traction Company Electric 12 December 1904 15 February 1928 SG. Absorbed by Edinburgh Corporation Tramways 1928, last trams ran in Musselburgh 1954.
Falkirk Falkirk and District Tramways Electric 21 October 1905 21 July 1936 4 ft (1,219 mm). Replaced by Walter Alexander & Sons motor buses
Glasgow Glasgow Tramway and Omnibus Company Horse 19 August 1872 1898 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)
Steam 1877 ? 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)
Glasgow Corporation Tramways Electric 13 October 1898 31 August 1962 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm). Replaced by motor buses and trolleybuses [27].
Govan   Horse 1873 1877  
Steam August 1877 1901  
Electric 10 August 1901 1912 operated by Glasgow Corporation, Burgh of Govan amalgamated with Glasgow in 1912
Airdrie and Coatbridge Airdrie and Coatbridge Tramways Electric 18 February 1904 31 December 1921. 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm). Absorbed by Glasgow Corporation Tramways 1921, last trams ran in Coatbridge 3 November 1956
Paisley Paisley Tramways Company Horse 30 December 1885 21 November 1903 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)
Paisley District Tramways Company Electric 13 June 1904 1 August 1923 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm). Absorbed by Glasgow Corporation Tramways 1923, last trams ran in Paisley 11 May 1957
Greenock Greenock & Port Glasgow Tramway Co. Horse 7 June 1873 1901  
Electric 1901 15 July 1929 replaced by motor buses
Inchture Inchture Village Tram Horse 1895 1916 SG. Caledonian Railway horse tramway linking village to railway station
Kilmarnock Kilmarnock Corporation Tramways Electric 10 December 1904 3 May 1926 SG. Replaced by motor buses
Kirkcaldy Kirkcaldy Corporation Tramways Electric 28 February 1903 15 May 1931 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Replaced by Walter Alexander & Sons motor buses
Kirkcaldy to Leven Wemyss and District Tramways Company Electric 25 August 1906 30 January 1932 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Replaced by motor buses
Motherwell and Hamilton area Lanarkshire Tramways Electric 22 July 1903 14 February 1931 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm). Replaced by motor buses
Perth Perth and District Tramways Horse 17 September 1895 7 October 1903 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Perth Corporation Tramways Electric 31 October 1905 19 January 1929 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Replaced by Walter Alexander & Sons motor buses
Rothesay Rothesay and Ettrick Bay Light Railway Horse 1 June 1882 2 March 1902 4 ft (1,219 mm)
Electric 19 August 1902 30 September 1936 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Replaced by motor buses
Stirling Stirling and Bridge of Allan Tramways Horse 27 July 1874 20 May 1920 SG. Replaced by Scottish General Omnibus Co. motor buses

Wales

[edit]

North Wales

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Barmouth Barmouth Junction and Arthog Tramway Horse 1899 1903 3 ft (914 mm)
Fairbourne Fairbourne Tramway Horse 1898 1916 2 ft (610 mm)
Glyn Ceiriog Glyn Valley Tramway Horse 1 April 1874 31 March 1886 2 ft 4+1⁄2 in (724 mm)
Glyn Valley Tramway Steam 15 March 1891 6 April 1933 2 ft 4+1⁄2 in (724 mm)
Harlech Harlech Tramway Horse 1878 1886  
Llandudno Llandudno and Colwyn Bay Electric Railway Ltd Electric 19 October 1907 24 March 1956 [36] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Great Orme Tramway Cable 31 July 1902 in operation [36] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Pwllheli Pwllheli Corporation Tramways Horse 24 July 1899 c. September 1920 [36] 2 ft 6 in (762 mm)
Pwllheli and Llanbedrog Tramway Horse 1 August 1896 28 October 1927 [36] 3 ft (914 mm)
Wrexham Wrexham District Tramways Horse 1 November 1876 26 April 1901
Wrexham and District Electric Tramways Electric 4 April 1903 31 March 1927 [36] 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)

South Wales

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Aberdare Aberdare Urban District Council Tramways Electric 9 October 1913 31 March 1935 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Cardiff Cardiff Tramways Company Horse 12 July 1872 17 October 1902 SG
Cardiff District and Penarth Harbour Tramways Horse 28 November 1881 10 February 1903 SG
Cardiff Corporation Tramways Electric 2 May 1902 19 February 1950 SG
Llanelly (Llanelli) Llanelly Tramways Horse 28 September 1882 31 March 1908 3 ft (914 mm)
Llanelly and District Electric Tramways Electric 19 July 1911 16 February 1933 SG
Merthyr Tydfil Merthyr Tydfil Electric Tramways Electric 6 April 1901 23 August 1939 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Neath Neath and District Tramways Company Horse 9 November 1875 1899 SG
Neath Corporation Tramways Gas 31 August 1899 8 August 1920 SG. "Gas" refers to town gas, not petrol (gasoline). One car is preserved locally at the Cefn Coed Colliery Museum.
Newport Newport Tramways Company Horse 1 February 1875
30 July 1894 		28 July 1894
3 November 1903 		 
Newport Corporation Tramways Electric 9 April 1903 5 September 1937 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Pontypridd Pontypridd and Rhondda Valley Tramway Horse Mar 1888 July 1903 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Pontypridd Urban District Council Tramways Electric 5 March 1905 30 August 1931 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Rhondda Pontypridd and Rhondda Valley Tramway Horse Mar 1888 July 1903 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Rhondda Tramways Company Electric 11 July 1908 1 February 1934 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Swansea Swansea Improvements and Tramway Company Horse 12 April 1878 1901 SG
Steam 1882 1884 SG
Swansea Constitution Hill Incline Tramway Cable 1898 1902 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Street funicular.
Swansea Improvements and Tramway Company Electric 30 June 1900 29 June 1937 SG
Swansea–Mumbles Swansea and Mumbles Railway, Mumbles Train Horse 25 March 1807
1860 		1826
1877 		4 ft (1,219 mm) then SG. Believed to be the world's first public passenger rail service.
Early traction experiments included wind (sail mounted on passenger carriage). Passenger service withdrawn 1826, restored 1860 following reconstruction of the line.
Steam 17 August 1877 1929 SG. Two competing undertakings operated service on the line, ca. 1879 – ca. 1898. One used steam traction. The other was compelled (by court order, obtained by its rival) to use horse traction.
Traction experiments prior to electrification included accumulator (storage battery), petrol (gasoline) and diesel.
Electric 2 March 1929 5 January 1960 SG. [28]. One car preserved following closure, but scrapped after being vandalised.

Northern Ireland

[edit]
Location Name of system Traction
type 		Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Belfast Belfast Street Tramways Horse 28 August 1872 1 January 1905 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) then SG
Sydenham District, Belfast, Tramway Horse 1888 1902 Purchased by Belfast Street Tramways in 1902
Belfast and Ligoniel Tramway Horse 24 April 1893 1902 Purchased by Belfast Street Tramways in 1902
Belfast and County Down Railway tramway Horse 1894 1902 Purchased by Belfast Corporation in 1902
Belfast Corporation Tramways Electric 1 January 1905 10 February 1954 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm)
Cavehill Whitewell Cavehill and Whitewell Tramway Steam 1 July 1882 1892 SG. Taken over by Belfast Corporation Tramways
Horse 1892 1906
Electric 12 February 1906 1 July 1911
Derry City of Derry Tramways Horse 1 April 1897 1920 SG
Fintona Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway (1853–83);
GNR(I) (1883–1957) 		Steam 15 June 1853 16 January 1854 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm)
Horse 16 January 1854 30 September 1957 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm). Railway branch, worked by horse-drawn tram from 1854 to closure in 1957.
Bessbrook–Newry Bessbrook and Newry Tramway Electric 1 October 1885 10 January 1948 3 ft (914 mm) [29], [30].
Glenanne–Loughgilly Glenanne Loughgilly Tramway Horse 1897 1919 1 ft 10 in (559 mm)
Warrenpoint–Rostrevor Warrenpoint and Rostrevor Tramway Horse 1 August 1877 February 1915 3 ft (914 mm)
Portrush–Bushmills–Giant's Causeway Giant's Causeway, Portrush and Bush Valley Railway & Tramway Company, Ltd. Steam 29 January 1883 1926(?) 3 ft (914 mm)
Electric 15 November 1883 30 September 1949 3 ft (914 mm). [31]. Operation suspended during winter, 1927–1939, 1947–1948.
Portstewart Portstewart Tramway Steam 1882 1926 3 ft (914 mm)

Note for Giant's Causeway Tramway: Portrush–Bushmills opened 29 January 1883. Bushmills–Giant's Causeway opened 1 July 1887. World's first use of electric traction with hydroelectric generation. Track built in street in Portrush.

Isle of Man

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Waller, Peter (7 November 2022). Lost Tramways of England: Bolton, SLT, Wigan & St Helens: 15. Graffeg Limited. ISBN 978-1-80258-225-3.
  2. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 24–25
  3. ^ Turner 2009, p. 42
  4. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 42–43
  5. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 43–45
  6. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 45–46
  7. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 49–51
  8. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 51–52
  9. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 65–66
  10. ^ Turner 2009, p. 73
  11. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 73–76
  12. ^ Turner 2009, p. 76
  13. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 76–77
  14. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 77–78
  15. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 78–81
  16. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 81–83
  17. ^ Turner 2009, p. 83
  18. ^ a b Turner 2009, pp. 84–85
  19. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 85–88
  20. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 89–90
  21. ^ Turner 2009, pp. 88–89
  22. ^ Turner 2007, pp. 49–52
  23. ^ Turner 2007, pp. 52–53
  24. ^ Whitnall, Frank (1966). "The First Essex Monorail". Essex Countryside.
  25. ^ Turner 2007, pp. 58–60
  26. ^ Turner 2007, p. 91
  27. ^ Turner 2007, pp. 91–93
  28. ^ Turner 2007, pp. 128–129
  29. ^ Turner 2007, pp. 130–131
  30. ^ Turner 2007, pp. 135–137
  31. ^ Turner 2007, p. 138
  32. ^ Turner 2007, pp. 167–169
  33. ^ Turner 2007, pp. 186–189
  34. ^ Turner 2007, pp. 191–192
  35. ^ Turner 2007, pp. 192–195
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Gillham & Wiseman 2003, pp. 58–71
  37. ^ The Belfast News-Letter, 13 July 1896.
  38. ^ "End of the line for iconic Pier Tram after rising maintenance costs". Champion. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Bett & Gillham 1990, pp. 43–47
  40. ^ a b Anderson 1995, pp. 4–7

References

[edit]
  • Anderson, Roy C. (1995). Bournemouth and Poole Tramways. Midhurst, West Sussex: Middleton Press. ISBN 1-873793-47-2.
  • Bett, W. H.; Gillham, J. C. (1990). The Tramways of South West England. Light Rail Transit Association. ISBN 0-948106-08-5.
  • Gillham, J. C.; Wiseman, R. J. S. (2003). The Tramways of South Lancashire and North Wales. Light Rail Transit Association. ISBN 0-948106-29-8.
  • Turner, Keith (2007). Directory of British Tramways. Volume 1. Stroud: Tempus Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-0-7524-3901-3.
  • Turner, Keith (2009). Directory of British Tramways. Volume 2. Stroud: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-4233-4.
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