Isotopen van protactinium
Het chemisch element protactinium (Pa), met een atoommassa van 231,03588(2) u, bezit geen stabiele isotopen en wordt dus geclassificeerd als radioactief element. De 28 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
In de natuur komen sporen van de radio-isotopen 234Pa en 234mPa voor. De isotoop 231Pa, met een halfwaardetijd van meer dan 32.000 jaar, komt echter het meest voor: de natuurlijke abundantie bedraagt quasi 100%.
De kortstlevende isotoop van protactinium is 213Pa, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 7 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 231Pa, met een halfwaardetijd van 32.760 jaar.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) | Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 212Pa | 91 | 121 | 212,02320(8) | 8(5) ms | 7+ | ||||
| 213Pa | 91 | 122 | 213,02111(8) | 7(3) ms | α | 209Ac | 9/2− | ||
| 214Pa | 91 | 123 | 214,02092(8) | 17(3) ms | α | 210Ac | |||
| 215Pa | 91 | 124 | 215,01919(9) | 14(2) ms | α | 211Ac | 9/2− | ||
| 216Pa | 91 | 125 | 216,01911(8) | 105(12) ms | α (80%) | 212Ac | |||
| β+ (20%) | 216Th | ||||||||
| 217Pa | 91 | 126 | 217,01832(6) | 3,48(9) ms | α | 213Ac | 9/2− | ||
| 217mPa | 1860(7) keV | 1,08(3) ms | α | 213Ac | 29/2+ | ||||
| IT (zelden) | 217Pa | ||||||||
| 218Pa | 91 | 127 | 218,020042(26) | 0,113(1) ms | α | 214Ac | |||
| 219Pa | 91 | 128 | 219,01988(6) | 53(10) ns | α | 215Ac | 9/2− | ||
| β+ (5 × 10−9%) | 219Th | ||||||||
| 220Pa | 91 | 129 | 220,02188(6) | 780(160) ns | α | 216Ac | 1− | ||
| 221Pa | 91 | 130 | 221,02188(6) | 4,9(8) µs | α | 217Ac | 9/2− | ||
| 222Pa | 91 | 131 | 222,02374(8) | 3,2(3) ms | α | 218Ac | |||
| 223Pa | 91 | 132 | 223,02396(8) | 5,1(6) ms | α | 219Ac | |||
| β+ (0,001%) | 223Th | ||||||||
| 224Pa | 91 | 133 | 224,025626(17) | 844(19) ms | α (99,9%) | 220Ac | 5− | ||
| β+ (0,1%) | 224Th | ||||||||
| 225Pa | 91 | 134 | 225,02613(8) | 1,7(2) s | α | 221Ac | 5/2− | ||
| 226Pa | 91 | 135 | 226,027948(12) | 1,8(2) min | α (74%) | 222Ac | |||
| β+ (26%) | 226Th | ||||||||
| 227Pa | 91 | 136 | 227,028805(8) | 38,3(3) min | α (85%) | 223Ac | (5/2−) | ||
| EV (15%) | 227Th | ||||||||
| 228Pa | 91 | 137 | 228,031051(5) | 22(1) uur | β+ (98,15%) | 228Th | 3+ | ||
| α (1,85%) | 224Ac | ||||||||
| 229Pa | 91 | 138 | 229,0320968(30) | 1,50(5) dagen | EV (99,52%) | 229Th | (5/2+) | ||
| α (0,48%) | 225Ac | ||||||||
| 229mPa | 11,6(3) keV | 420(30) ns | 3/2− | ||||||
| 230Pa | 91 | 139 | 230,034541(4) | 17,4(5) dagen | β+ (91,6%) | 230Th | (2−) | ||
| β− (8,4%) | 230U | ||||||||
| α (0,00319%) | 226Ac | ||||||||
| 231Pa | 91 | 140 | 231,0358840(24) | 3,276(11) × 104 jaar | α | 227Ac | 3/2− | 1,0000 | |
| CV (1,34 × 10−9%) | 207Tl, 24Ne | ||||||||
| SS (3 × 10−10%) | |||||||||
| CV (10−12%) | 208Pb, 23F | ||||||||
| 232Pa | 91 | 141 | 232,038592(8) | 1,31(2) dagen | β− | 232U | (2−) | ||
| EV (0,003%) | 232Th | ||||||||
| 233Pa | 91 | 142 | 233,0402473(23) | 26,975(13) dagen | β− | 233U | 3/2− | ||
| 234Pa | 91 | 143 | 234,043308(5) | 6,70(5) uur | β− | 234U | 4+ | sporen | |
| SS (3 × 10−10%) | |||||||||
| 234mPa | 78(3) keV | 1,17(3) min | β− (99,83%) | 234U | (0−) | sporen | |||
| IT (0,16%) | 234Pa | ||||||||
| SS (10−10%) | |||||||||
| 235Pa | 91 | 144 | 235,04544(5) | 24,44(11) min | β− | 235mU | (3/2−) | ||
| 236Pa | 91 | 145 | 236,04868(21) | 9,1(1) min | β− | 236U | 1− | ||
| β−, SS (6 × 10−8%) | |||||||||
| 237Pa | 91 | 146 | 237,05115(11) | 8,7(2) min | β− | 237U | (1/2+) | ||
| 238Pa | 91 | 147 | 238,05450(6) | 2,27(9) min | β− | 238U | (3−) | ||
| β−, SS (2,6 × 10−6%) | |||||||||
| 239Pa | 91 | 148 | 239,05726(21) | 1,8(5) uur | β− | 239U | (3/2−) | ||
| 240Pa | 91 | 149 | 240,06098(32) | 2 min | β− | 240U | |||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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