Minimalizam

Primer minimalizma u arhitekturi, Muzej umetnosti u Bregenzu u Austriji, arhitekte Petera Cumthora

Minimalizam ili minimalistička umetnost (1960—1975) je umetnički pokret koji odbacuje komentarisanje društva, lični izraz umetnika, narativne elemente ili aluzije na istoriju, politiku ili religiju.[1][2] Bazira se na stvaranju predmeta, slika, skulptura i muzike čija je vrednost isključivo estetskog karaktera. Minimalisti su ograničili svoje delovanje na manipulaciju elementima kao što su boja, tonovi, oblici, linije i tekstura. Prvi koji je koristio termin minimalizam bio je kritičar David Burljuk u izložbenom katalogu umetnika Džona Grahama na izložbi slika koja je održana u galeriji Dadensajng u Njujorku, 1929. godine. Kasnije, šezdesetih godina dvadestog veka, to ime je dobio celi jedan pokret. Još neki nazivi za minimalizam su: ABC umetnost[3][4] i reduktivizam. Ovaj pokret je rezultat reakcije na pretencioznost apstraktnog ekspresionizma i prima uticaje od pop umetnosti, kubizma i konceptualne umetnosti, sa glavnom inspiracijom u ruskoj avangardi, konkretnije u suprematizmu Kazimira Maljeviča.

Pokret je nastao u SAD, a među glavnim pokretačima ističe se umetnik Frank Stela.[5][6] Njegova izložba „Crne slike“ (Black Paintings), priređena 1959. godine u Muzeju moderne umetnosti u Njujorku (engl. Museum of Modern Art, skr. MoMA), ubrzo je postala inspiracija mnogim umetnicima, koji su počeli da napuštaju „ekspresiju“. Glavni istorijski događaj pokreta bila je izložba, održana 1966. godine u Njujorku, pod imenom „Osnovne strukture“ (Primary Structures).

Preciznost ujedno sa geometrijom i ponavljajućim dekorativnim šemama, ravnim i jednolično obojenim površinama sa čistim i nemešanim bojama, glavne su odlike minimalizma. Baza su geometrijske, racionalne šeme, a industijski materijali se koriste za eliminisanje tragova „ručnog rada“ umetnika. Spoljašnji izgled predmeta je glavni estetski kvalitet minimalizma.[7][8]

Minimalizam želi da posmatrač uživa umetničko delo bez distrakcija kompozicije, tema i ostalih elemenata iz tradicionalne umetnosti. Materijali i način na koji je delo predstavnjeno su ujedno i sama njegova stvarnost ili tematika, ali takođe i razlog samog „postojanja“. Minimalizam ne pretenduje nikakvu drugu simboliku osim onoga što se može videti u samom delu. Boja se ne koristi za izražavanje osećanja nego za ograničavanje prostora. Apstraktni odnosi između različitih elemenata treba da navedu posmatrača na razmišljanje i ujedno su i sama srž tematike. Odbacuje se ideja iz tradicionalne umetnosti, po kojoj umetnost treba da bude lični izraz umetnika. Iako postoji dosta toga emotivnog i podsvesnog u minimalizmu, umetnik minimalista odbacuje osećanja kao princip stvaralaštva umetničkog dela i smatra da je reakcija na delo od strane posmatrača od primarne i suštinske važnosti.

Minimalizam ispituje prirodu umetnosti i njeno mesto u društvu. Iako su neki kritičari smatrali da je minimalizam umetnost koja će slabo uticati na dalji razvoj savremene umetnosti, ne mogu se negirati posledice i uticaji koje je ostavila na teoriju i praksu „postmoderne“.

Umetnici minimalisti

[uredi | uredi kod]

Povezano

[uredi | uredi kod]

Reference

[uredi | uredi kod]
  1. ↑ „Christopher Want, Minimalism, Grove Art Online, Oxford University Press, 2009”. Moma.org. Pristupljeno 2014-06-27. 
  2. ↑ „Minimalism”. theartstory.org. 2012. 
  3. ↑ Fried, M. "Art and Objecthood", Artforum, 1967
  4. ↑ Rose, Barbara. "ABC Art", Art in America 53, no. 5 (October–November 1965): 57–69.
  5. ↑ „Frank Stella Biography, Art, and Analysis of Works”. The Art Story. Pristupljeno 25 May 2012. 
  6. ↑ Deborah Solomon (September 7, 2015), The Whitney Taps Frank Stella for an Inaugural Retrospective at Its New Home The New York Times.
  7. ↑ „Systemic Painting, Guggenheim Museum”. Guggenheim.org. Pristupljeno 2014-06-27. 
  8. ↑ „Systemic art, Oxford-Art encyclopedia”. Enotes.com. Pristupljeno 2014-06-27. 

Literatura

[uredi | uredi kod]
  • H.W. Janson, Istorija umetnosti, Beograd 1962.
  • Đina Piskel, Opšta istorija umetnosti, Beograd 1972.
  • Markus Steigman/ René Zey- Lexikon der Modernen Kunst Tehniken und Stile Hamburg 2002.
  • Bertoni, Franco (2002). Minimalist Architecture, edited by Franco Cantini, translated from the Italian by Lucinda Byatt and from the Spanish by Paul Hammond. Basel, Boston, and Berlin: Birkhäuser. ISBN 3-7643-6642-7.
  • Cerver, Francisco Asencio (1997). The Architecture of Minimalism. New York, NY: Arco. ISBN 0-8230-6149-3.
  • Keenan, David, and Michael Nyman (2001). "Claim to Frame". The Sunday Herald (4 February).
  • Lancaster, Clay (September 1953). "Japanese Buildings in the United States before 1900: Their Influence upon American Domestic Architecture". The Art Bulletin, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 217–224.
  • Nyman, Michael (1968). "Minimal Music". The Spectator 221, no. 7320 (11 October): 518–19.
  • Pawson, John (1996). Minimum. London, England: Phaidon Press Limited. ISBN 0-7148-3262-6.
  • Rossell, Quim (2005). Minimalist Interiors. New York: Collins Design. ISBN 0-688-17487-6 (cloth); ISBN 0-06-082990-7 (cloth).
  • Saito, Yuriko (2007). "The Moral Dimension of Japanese Aesthetics". The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, vol. 65, no. 1 (Winter), pp. 85–97. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
  • Anderson, Virginia. 2013. "Systems and Other Minimalism in Britain". In The Ashgate Research Companion to Minimalist and Postminimalist Music, edited by Keith Potter, Kyle Gann, and Pwyll ap Siôn, 80–106. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. ISBN 978-1-4094-3549-5.
  • Bernard, Jonathan W. 1993. "The Minimalist Aesthetic in the Plastic Arts and in Music". Perspectives of New Music 31, no. 1 (Winter): 86–132. . JSTOR 833043. 
  • Bernard, Jonathan W. 2003. "Minimalism, Postminimalism, and the Resurgence of Tonality in Recent American Music". American Music 21, no. 1 (Spring): 112–33. . JSTOR 3250558. 
  • Cope, David. 1997. Techniques of the Contemporary Composer. New York, New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-02-864737-8.
  • Emmerson, Simon. 2007. Music, Electronic Media, and Culture. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishers Limited.
  • Fink, Robert. 2005. Repeating Ourselves: American Minimal Music as Cultural Practice. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24036-7 (cloth). ISBN 0-520-24550-4 (pbk).
  • Gann, Kyle. 1997. American Music in the Twentieth Century. Schirmer. ISBN 0-02-864655-X.
  • Gann, Kyle. 1987. "Let X = X: Minimalism vs. Serialism." Village Voice (24 February): 76.
  • Gann, Kyle. 1998. "A Forest from the Seeds of Minimalism: An Essay on Postminimal and Totalist Music". KyleGann.com.
  • Gann, Kyle. 2001. "Minimal Music, Maximal Impact: Minimalism's Immediate Legacy: Postminimalism". New Music Box: The Web Magazine from the American Music Center (November 1) (Accessed 4 February 2012).
  • Gann, Kyle. 2006. Music Downtown: Writings from the Village Voice. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22982-7.
  • Gann, Kyle. 2010. "Reconstructing November". American Music 28, no. 4 (Winter): 481–91. . DOI:10.5406/americanmusic.28.4.0481. 
  • Garland, Peter, and La Monte Young. 2001. "Jennings, Terry". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan.
  • Glass, Philip. 2008. "Preface". In R. Scotto. Moondog: The Viking of 6th Avenue. New York: Process.
  • Gotte, Ulli. 2000. Minimal Music: Geschichte, Asthetik, Umfeld. Taschenbucher zur Musikwissenschaft, 138. Wilhelmshaven: Noetzel. ISBN 3-7959-0777-2.
  • Harrison, Daniel (1997). „After Sundown: The Beach Boys' Experimental Music”. u: Covach, John; Boone, Graeme M.. Understanding Rock: Essays in Musical Analysis. Oxford University Press. str. 33–57. ISBN 9780199880126. 
  • Johnson, Timothy A. 1994. "Minimalism: Aesthetic, Style, or Technique?" Musical Quarterly 78, no. 4 (Winter): 742–73. . JSTOR 742508. 
  • Johnson, Tom. 1989. The Voice of New Music: New York City 1972–1982 – A Collection of Articles Originally Published by the Village Voice. Eindhoven, Netherlands: Het Apollohuis. ISBN 90-71638-09-X.
  • Kostelanetz, Richard, and R. Flemming. 1997. Writings on Glass: Essays, Interviews, Criticism. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; New York: Schirmer Books.
  • Linke, Ulrich. 1997. Minimal Music: Dimensionen eines Begriffs. Folkwang-Texte Bd. 13. Essen: Die blaue Eule. ISBN 3-89206-811-9.
  • Lovisa, Fabian R. 1996. Minimal-music: Entwicklung, Komponisten, Werke. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
  • MacDonald, Ian. 2003. "The People's Music". London: Pimlico Publishing. ISBN 1-84413-093-2.
  • Mertens, Wim. 1983. American Minimal Music: La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass. Translated by J. Hautekiet; preface by Michael Nyman. London: Kahn & Averill; New York: Alexander Broude. ISBN 0-900707-76-3
  • Meyer, Leonard B. 1994. Music, the Arts, and Ideas: Patterns and Predictions in Twentieth-Century Culture, second edition. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-52143-5
  • Nyman, Michael. 1968. "Minimal Music". The Spectator 221, no. 7320 (11 October): 518–19.
  • Nyman, Michael. 1974. Experimental Music: Cage and Beyond. London: Studio Vista ISBN 0-289-70182-1; reprinted 1999, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-65383-5.
  • Parsons, Michael. 1974. "Systems in Art and Music". The Musical Times 117, no. 1604 (October): 815–18. . JSTOR 960175. 
  • Perlein, Gilbert, and Bruno Corà (eds). 2000. Yves Klein: Long Live the Immaterial! Catalog of an exhibition held at the Musée d'art moderne et d'art contemporain, Nice, April 28 – September 4, 2000, and the Museo Pecci, Prato, September 23, 2000 – January 10, 2001. New York: Delano Greenidge Editions, 2000, ISBN 978-0-929445-08-3.
  • Potter, Keith. 2000. Four Musical Minimalists: La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass. Music in the Twentieth Century series. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-48250-X.
  • Potter, Keith. 2001. "Minimalism". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers; New York: Grove's Dictionaries of Music.
  • Rodda, Richard E. (1999). Liner notes, Violin Concertos of John Adams & Philip Glass, Robert McDuffie (violin). Telarc, CD-80494.
  • Rose, Barbara. 1965. "ABC Art". Art in America 53, no. 5 (October–November): 57–69.
  • Schönberger, Elmer. 2001. "Andriessen: (4) Louis Andriessen". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers; New York: Grove's Dictionaries of Music.
  • Schwarz, K. Robert. 1996. Minimalists. 20th Century Composers Series. London: Phaidon. ISBN 0-7148-3381-9.
  • Sherburne, Philip (2006). „Digital Discipline: Minimalism in House and Techno”. u: Cox, Christoph; Warner, Daniel. Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music. New York: Continuum. str. 319–326. ISBN 978-0-8264-1615-5. 
  • Sitsky, Larry. 2002. Music of the Twentieth-Century Avant-garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313017239
  • Strickland, Edward. 1993. Minimalism: Origins. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-35499-4 (cloth); ISBN 0-253-21388-6 (pbk, corrected and somewhat revised printing, 2000). Chapter T, pp. 241–56, reprinted as Strickland 1997.
  • Strickland, Edward. 1997. "Minimalism: T (1992)". In Writings on Glass: Essays, Interviews, Criticism, edited by Richard Kostelanetz and Robert Flemming, 113–130. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-520-21491-9. Reprint of a chapter from Strickland 1993.
  • Sweeney-Turner, Steve. 1995. "Weariness and Slackening in the Miserably Proliferating Field of Posts." Musical Times 136, no. 1833 (November): 599–601. . JSTOR 1003498. 
  • Warburton, Dan. 1988. "A Working Terminology for Minimal Music." Intégral 2:135–59. . JSTOR 40213909. 

Spoljašnje veze

[uredi | uredi kod]
Izvor: https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minimalizam&oldid=42171821