Elections in Zimbabwe

Politics of Zimbabwe
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The Zimbabwe government consists of an elected head of state, the president, and a legislature. The presidential term lasts for 5 years, and is elected by majority, with a second round if no candidate receives a majority in the first round.[1] The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Assembly and Senate. Following the 2013 constitution, the House of Assembly has 270 members. 210 are elected for five-year terms by single-member constituencies. Furthermore, the constitution specifies that for the two first parliaments, there are 60 additional seats reserved for women, 6 seats per province, which are filled based on the votes for in the single-member constituencies, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the largest remainder method and the hare quota.[2][3] The Senate has 80 members: 60 are elected for five-year terms in 6-member constituencies representing one of the 10 provinces, elected based on the votes in the lower house election, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the hare quota. Additionally the senate consists of 2 seats for each non-metropolitan district of Zimbabwe elected by each provincial assembly of chiefs using SNTV,[4] 1 seat each for the president and deputy president of the National Council of Chiefs and 1 male and 1 female seat for people with disabilities elected on separate ballots using FPTP by an electoral college designated by the National Disability Board.[2][3]

Zimbabwe is a one party dominant state, the dominant party being the Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front. Opposition parties are permitted, including the MDC Alliance led by Nelson Chamisa and the MDC–T led by Thokozani Khuphe, both formations of the original Movement for Democratic Change created in 1999. Recent elections (March 2008) have witnessed former ruling party finance minister Simba Makoni standing as an independent presidential candidate.

Latest elections

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President

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Main article: 2023 Zimbabwean general election

Mnangagwa was re-elected president.[5]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Emmerson MnangagwaZANU–PF2,350,71152.60
Nelson ChamisaCitizens Coalition for Change1,967,34344.03
Wilbert MubaiwaNational People’s Congress53,5171.20
Douglas MwonzoraMovement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai28,8830.65
Joseph Makamba BushaFreeZim Congress18,8160.42
Blessing KasiyamhuruZimbabwe Partnership for Prosperity13,0600.29
Tapiwa Trust ChikohoraZimbabwe Coalition for Peace and Development Party10,2300.23
Gwinyai Henry MuzorewaUnited African National Council7,0530.16
Elisabeth ValerioUnited Zimbabwe Alliance6,9890.16
Harry Peter WilsonDemocratic Opposition Party6,7430.15
Lovemore MadhukuNational Constitutional Assembly5,3230.12
Total4,468,668100.00
Valid votes4,468,66897.97
Invalid/blank votes92,5532.03
Total votes4,561,221100.00
Registered voters/turnout6,623,51168.86
Source: Zimbabwe Electoral Commission, ZEC

Results by province

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Results by Province[6]
Province Joseph Makamba Busha Nelson Chamisa Tapiwa Trust Chikohora Blessing Kasiyamhuru Lovemore Madhuku Emmerson Mnangagwa Wilbert Mubaiwa Gwinyai Henry Muzorewa Douglas Mwonzora Elisabeth Valerio Harry Peter Wilson Total Votes Rejected Total Votes Cast Total Valid Votes Cast Voter Population Voter Turnout %
FreeZim Congress CCC ZCPD ZIPP NCA ZANU–PF NPC UANC MDC-T UZA DOP
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Bulawayo 437 0.26 131,037 78.52 306 0.18 255 0.15 129 0.08 31,053 18.61 1,389 0.83 230 0.14 1,004 0.60 803 0.48 249 0.15 2,040 1.21 168,932 166,892 287,352 58.79
Harare 1,236 0.17 517,494 71.46 778 0.11 804 0.11 543 0.07 193,881 26.77 4,958 0.68 470 0.06 2,337 0.32 1,365 0.19 325 0.04 10,071 1.37 734,262 724,191 1,084,601 67.70
Manicaland 2,496 0.45 240,672 43.47 1,547 0.28 1,814 0.33 1,074 0.19 290,960 52.56 8,588 1.55 993 0.18 3,891 0.70 713 0.13 877 0.16 11,354 2.01 564,979 553,625 829,324 68.13
Mashonaland Central 2,089 0.44 95,508 19.97 785 0.16 1,289 0.27 455 0.10 370,175 77.41 4,058 0.85 586 0.12 2,280 0.48 358 0.07 648 0.14 9,200 1.89 487,431 478,231 625,968 77.87
Mashonaland East 1,435 0.26 184,827 33.51 892 0.16 914 0.17 415 0.08 354,081 64.20 5,101 0.92 671 0.12 2,178 0.39 435 0.08 563 0.10 10,694 1.90 562,206 551,512 773,281 72.70
Mashonaland West 2,579 0.47 209,744 38.10 1,165 0.21 1,667 0.30 529 0.10 323,523 58.77 5,664 1.03 825 0.15 3,157 0.57 757 0.14 887 0.16 13,931 2.47 564,428 550,497 785,583 71.85
Masvingo 2,634 0.53 167,813 33.96 1,454 0.29 2,240 0.45 637 0.13 307,383 62.21 6,798 1.38 908 0.18 2,825 0.57 540 0.11 896 0.18 11,087 2.19 505,215 494,128 723,934 69.79
Matabeleland North 1,425 0.65 111,609 51.03 955 0.44 1,060 0.48 489 0.22 91,306 41.74 5,356 2.45 751 0.34 4,249 1.94 826 0.38 703 0.32 6,594 2.93 225,323 218,729 371,701 60.62
Matabeleland South 1,331 0.76 80,365 45.89 970 0.55 1,035 0.59 416 0.24 82,511 47.12 3,997 2.28 702 0.40 2,673 1.53 503 0.29 612 0.35 4,772 2.65 179,887 175,115 300,768 59.81
Midlands 3,154 0.57 228,274 41.08 1,378 0.25 1,982 0.36 636 0.11 305,838 55.03 7,608 1.37 917 0.17 4,289 0.77 689 0.12 983 0.18 12,810 2.25 568,558 555,748 840,999 67.61
National Total 18,816 0.42 1,967,343 44.03 10,230 0.23 13,060 0.29 5,323 0.12 2,350,711 52.60 53,517 1.20 7,053 0.16 28,883 0.65 6,989 0.16 6,743 0.15 92,553 2.03 4,561,221 4,468,668 6,623,511 68.86

House of Assembly

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Main article: 2023 Zimbabwean general election

The National Assembly has 210 single-member constituencies, the results of which are shown below.[7] The remaining 70 seats comprises 60 seats which are reserved for women, six seats in each province, and 10 seats for youth, one seat in each province, which are filled based on the votes in the single-member constituencies using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the largest remainder method and the Hare quota.

On election day itself ZANU–PF won 136 seats and the CCC 73, with ZANU–PF retaining its rural base and the CCC capturing the urban vote.[8][9][10] Voting in the Gutu West constituency was postponed to 11 November after one of the candidates died shortly before the elections.[11] Following the parliamentary election in Gutu West, 65.24% of the constituency seats went to ZANU-PF and 34.76% of the constituency seats went to the CCC.[12]

PartyVotes%Seats
CommonWomenYouthTotal+/–
ZANU–PF2,515,60756.18137337177–2
Citizens Coalition for Change1,856,39341.4673273103New
Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai15,3070.340000–88
Zimbabwe African People's Union10,8570.2400000
United Zimbabwe Alliance4,9370.110000New
National Constitutional Assembly2,4620.0500000
Democratic Opposition Party2,1050.050000New
FreeZim Congress1,9260.0400000
Democratic Union of Zimbabwe1,8810.0400000
Mthwakazi Republic Party1,6410.0400000
Zimbabwe National Revival Party1,2710.030000New
Zimbabwe African National Congress6280.010000New
United African National Council5740.0100000
Zimbabwe Coalition for Peace and Development Party4340.010000New
National People’s Congress2970.010000New
Economic Freedom Fighters2860.010000New
United Freedom Party1870.000000New
Freedom Alliance1480.000000New
Independents60,4451.350000–1
Total4,477,386100.002106010280+10
Source: Zimbabwe Electoral Commission Zimbabwe Elections

Senate

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Main article: 2023 Zimbabwean general election
PartySeats+/–
ZANU–PF33–1
Citizens Coalition for Change27New
Chiefs180
Persons with disabilities20
Total800
Source: Zimbabwe Electoral Commission

MPs who lost their seats

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Defeated Party Constituency Defeated by Party
Starman Chamisa[13] Citizens Coalition for Change Mbare Martin Matinyanya ZANU–PF
Temba Mliswa[14] Independent Norton Richard Tsvangirai Citizens Coalition for Change
Raj Modi[15] ZANU–PF Bulawayo South Nicola Watson Citizens Coalition for Change
Mthuli Ncube[16] ZANU–PF Cowdray Park Pashor Raphael Sibanda Citizens Coalition for Change

Referendums

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On 12–13 February 2000, there was a constitutional referendum for increasing the powers of the president. These powers were to permit the government to confiscate White-owned land without compensation for the purpose of redistribution to Black farmers, and to give government officials immunity from prosecution.

  • "Yes" Votes 45.32%
  • "No" Votes 54.68%

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Part XVII, Section 110". ELECTORAL ACT. Zimbabwe Electoral Commission. p. 63. Archived from the original (pdf) on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  2. ^ a b "3, 4". Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 20) (PDF). pp. 52–54. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Electoral Amendment Act 2014 [Act 6-2014]" (doc). Veritas Zimbabwe. pp. 52–55. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  4. ^ "Part X, Section 44". ELECTORAL ACT. Zimbabwe Electoral Commission. p. 35. Archived from the original (pdf) on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  5. ^ "Zimbabwean President Emmerson Mnangagwa wins re-election after troubled vote". AP News. 26 August 2023.
  6. ^ "Zimbabwe Electoral Commission". Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  7. ^ "Election Dashboard : Live Update Results 23 August 2023". zimbabweelections2023.co.zw. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  8. ^ Banya, Nelson; Chingono, Nyasha (25 August 2023). "Zimbabwe braces for close election as early parliamentary results come in". Reuters. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  9. ^ "Early results suggest closely fought Zimbabwe parliamentary polls". Daily Sabah. 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  10. ^ "Partial results suggest ZANU-PF's lead as election observers decry 'climate of fear'". SABC News. 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  11. ^ "ZEC stops Gutu West election after death of retired soldier candidate". Nehanda Radio. 15 July 2023.
  12. ^ "2023 Elections Zimbabwe". Pindula. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  13. ^ Murwira, Zvamaida (26 August 2023). "Zanu PF poised for landslide". The Herald. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  14. ^ Masau, Problem. "Candidates concede defeat". NewsDay. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  15. ^ "Zimbabwe Elections 2023 Results: Deputy Minister Raj Modi Loses Parliamentary Seat To CCC's Watson". Pindula. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  16. ^ Muzavazi, Shakespeare (24 August 2023). "ZANU PF candidate locks borehole after losing to CCC; as Mthuli Ncube loses in Cowdray Park". Zw News Zimbabwe. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
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