1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections

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1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1870 & 1871 November 5, 1872[a] 1874 & 1875 →
All 292 seats in the United States House of Representatives
147 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader James G. Blaine Fernando Wood
Party Republican Democratic
Leader's seat Maine 3rd New York 10th
Last election 138 seats 94 seats
Seats won 199 84
Seat change Increase 61 Decrease 9
Popular vote 3,561,090 2,813,934
Percentage 51.40% 40.62%
Swing Increase 3.26% Decrease 2.77%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Liberal Republican Conservative
Last election 2 seats 10 seats
Seats won 4 4
Seat change Increase 2 Decrease 6
Popular vote 274,693 126,329
Percentage 3.97% 1.82%
Swing Increase 3.07% Decrease 1.05%
  Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Last election 1 seat[b]
Seats won 1[c]
Seat change Steady
Popular vote 151,757
Percentage 2.19%
Swing Increase 0.45%
Results:
     Democratic hold      Democratic gain
     Republican hold      Republican gain
     Conservative hold      Conservative gain
     Liberal Republican gain
     Independent Gain
Speaker before election

James G. Blaine
Republican

Elected Speaker

James G. Blaine
Republican

The 1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 43rd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1873. They coincided with the re-election of United States President Ulysses S. Grant. The congressional reapportionment based on the 1870 United States census increased the number of House seats to 292.

Grant's Republican Party increased its majority greatly, partly at the expense of the opposition Democratic Party and partly by adding 49 new seats to the House. The pro-industry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as the Industrial Revolution grew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with victory in the American Civil War, as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.

Election summaries

[edit]

Following the 1870 census, the House was reapportioned, initially adding 40 seats,[1] followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states,[2] resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 state gained 4 seats, and 1 state gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of the three-fifths compromise by the 14th Amendment.

This would prove the last time until 1966 that a Republican won a House seat in Arkansas.[3]

↓
89 203
Democratic Republican
State Type Total seats Democratic Republican
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District
+ 2 at-large 		8 Increase 2 2 Decrease 1 6[d] Increase 3
Arkansas District
+ at-large 		4 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1 4[d] Increase 2
California District 4 Increase 1 1 Increase 1 3 Steady
Connecticut[e] District 4 Steady 1 Steady 3 Steady
Delaware At-large 1 Steady 0 Decrease 1 1 Increase 1
Florida At-large 2 Increase 1 0 Steady 2 Increase 1
Georgia District 9 Increase 2 7 Increase 3 2 Decrease 1
Illinois District 19 Increase 5 5 Decrease 1 14 Increase 6
Indiana[f] District
+ 3 at-large 		13 Increase 2 3 Decrease 2 10 Increase 4
Iowa District 9 Increase 3 0 Steady 9 Increase 3
Kansas At-large 3 Increase 2 0 Steady 3 Increase 2
Kentucky District 10 Increase 1 10 Increase 1 0 Steady
Louisiana District
+ 1 at-large 		6 Increase 1 0 Steady 6[d] Increase 1
Maine[f] District 5 Steady 0 Steady 5 Steady
Maryland District 6 Increase 1 4 Decrease 1 2 Increase 2
Massachusetts District 11 Increase 1 0 Steady 11 Increase 1
Michigan District 9 Increase 3 0 Decrease 1 9 Increase 4
Minnesota District 3 Increase 1 0 Steady 3 Increase 1
Mississippi District 6 Increase 1 1 Increase 1 5 Steady
Missouri District 13 Increase 4 9 Increase 5 4 Decrease 1
Nebraska[f] At-large 1 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Nevada At-large 1 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
New Hampshire[e] District 3 Steady 1 Decrease 2 2 Increase 2
New Jersey District 7 Increase 2 1 Decrease 1 6 Increase 3
New York District
+ 1 at-large 		33 Increase 2 9 Decrease 7 24 Increase 9
North Carolina[f] District 8 Increase 1 5 Steady 3 Increase 1
Ohio[f] District 20 Increase 1 6 Increase 1 14[d] Steady
Oregon[f] At-large 1 Steady 0 Decrease 1 1 Increase 1
Pennsylvania[f] District
+ 3 at-large 		27 Increase 3 5 Decrease 6 22 Increase 9
Rhode Island District 2 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady
South Carolina District
+ 1 at-large 		5 Increase 1 0 Steady 5 Increase 1
Tennessee District
+ 1 at-large 		10 Increase 2 3 Decrease 3 7 Increase 5
Texas District
+ 2 at-large 		6 Increase 2 6 Increase 3 0 Decrease 1
Vermont[f] District 3 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady
Virginia District 9 Increase 1 5 Steady 4 Increase 1
West Virginia[f] District 3 Steady 2[c] Steady 1 Steady
Wisconsin District 8 Increase 2 2 Steady 6 Increase 2
Total 292 Increase 49 89[c]
30.5% 		Decrease 13 203[g]
69.5% 		Increase 62
30.5%
Popular vote
Republican
 
 52.85%
Democratic
 
 41.76%
Lib. Republican
 
 4.08%
Conservative
 
 1.87%
Independent
 
 2.25%
Others
 
 0.00%
House seats
Republican
 
 67.92%
Democratic
 
 29.01%
Lib. Republican
 
 1.37%
Conservative
 
 1.37%
Independent
 
 0.34%

Election dates

[edit]

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[4] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872–73, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates:

Special elections

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[5]
Connecticut 1 Julius L. Strong Republican 1869 Incumbent died September 7, 1872.
New member elected November 5, 1872.
Republican hold.

Alabama

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama, 1872 United States Senate election in Alabama, and 1872 United States Senate special elections in Alabama
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[6]
Alabama 1 Benjamin S. Turner Republican 1870 Incumbent lost re-election.
Liberal Republican gain.
Alabama 2 Charles W. Buckley Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Alabama 3 William Anderson Handley Democratic 1868 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Alabama 4 Charles Hays Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles Hays (Republican) 59.02%
  • ▌ William R. Smith (Democratic) 40.99%[10]
Alabama 5 Peter M. Dox Democratic 1868 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Alabama 6 Joseph Humphrey Sloss Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama at-large
2 seats on a general ticket 		None (New seat) New seat.
Republican gain.
None (New seat) New seat.
Republican gain.

Arkansas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[6]
Arkansas 1 James M. Hanks Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Arkansas 2 Oliver P. Snyder Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas 3 Thomas Boles[h] Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Arkansas at-large None Vacant since 32nd Congress (Civil War and Reconstruction)
Liberal Republican gain.

California

[edit]
Main article: 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in California
See also: List of United States representatives from California and 1872 United States Senate election in California

A new seat was added, following the 1870 U.S. census, bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 None (new district) New seat.
Republican gain.
California 2 Aaron A. Sargent Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Horace F. Page (Republican) 51.8%
  • ▌Paschal Coggins (Democratic) 48.2%
California 3 John M. Coghlan Republican 1871 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
California 4 Sherman O. Houghton
Redistricted from the 1st district 		Republican 1871 Incumbent re-elected.

Connecticut

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut and 1872 United States Senate election in Connecticut
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[14]
Connecticut 1 Joseph R. Hawley Republican 1872 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Connecticut 2 Stephen Kellogg Republican 1869 Incumbent re-elected.
Connecticut 3 Henry H. Starkweather Republican 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry H. Starkweather (Republican) 53.4%
  • ▌James A. Bill (Democratic) 41.3%
  • ▌Elisha H. Palmer (Prohibition) 5.3%
Connecticut 4 William Barnum Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.

Delaware

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware
Delaware election
← 1870 November 5, 1872 1874 →
 
Nominee James R. Lofland Eustis Wright
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 11,378 11,023
Percentage 50.79% 49.21%
County results
Lofland:      50–60%
Wright:      50–60%
U.S. Representative before election

Benjamin T. Biggs
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

James R. Lofland
Republican

The election was held November 5, 1872.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[15]
Delaware at-large Benjamin T. Biggs Democratic 1868 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.

Florida

[edit]
Main article: 1872 United States House of Representatives election in Florida
See also: List of United States representatives from Florida

Florida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida at-large
2 seats on a general ticket 		Josiah T. Walls Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
None (New seat) New seat.
Republican gain.

Georgia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia and 1873 United States Senate election in Georgia

Illinois

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois and 1873 United States Senate election in Illinois

Indiana

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana and 1873 United States Senate election in Indiana

Iowa

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Kansas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Kansas and 1873 United States Senate election in Kansas

Kentucky

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky, 1872 United States Senate election in Kentucky, and 1873 United States Senate special election in Kentucky

Louisiana

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana

In the newly formed at-large district, George A. Sheridan (Liberal Republican) beat P. B. S. Pinchback (Republican), the first black Governor of Louisiana.[16] Pinchback challenged the election and it was settled in February 1875, in Sheridan's favor, only one month before the end of the Congress.

Maine

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Maine

Maryland

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Massachusetts

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts and 1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts

Michigan

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan

Minnesota

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Minnesota

Mississippi

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 George E. Harris Republican 1869 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 2 Joseph L. Morphis Republican 1869 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Albert R. Howe (Republican) 63.94%
  • ▌William A. Alcorn (Democratic) 35.42%
  • Scattering 0.64%[18]
Mississippi 3 Henry W. Barry Republican 1869 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry W. Barry (Republican) 69.14%
  • ▌W. S. Bolling (Democratic) 29.59%
  • Scattering 1.27%[19]
Mississippi 4 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Jason Niles (Republican) 83.38%
  • ▌S. T. Oldham (Unknown) 11.87%
  • ▌[FNU] Harmon (Unknown) 4.18%
  • ▌W. B. Shelby (Unknown) 0.57%[20]
Mississippi 5 Legrand W. Perce Republican 1869 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
George C. McKee
Redistricted from the 4th district. 		Republican 1869 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 6 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.

Missouri

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri

Nebraska

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Nebraska
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[23]
Nebraska at-large John Taffe Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Lorenzo Crounse (Republican) 62.19%
  • ▌Jesse F. Warner (Democratic) 37.81%

Nevada

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Nevada and 1873 United States Senate election in Nevada

New Hampshire

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire and 1872 United States Senate election in New Hampshire

New Jersey

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey

New York

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New York and 1873 United States Senate election in New York

North Carolina

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina, 1872 United States Senate election in North Carolina, and 1872 United States Senate special election in North Carolina

Ohio

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio and 1872 United States Senate election in Ohio

After redistricting and eleven retirements, only four of the nineteen incumbents were re-elected.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates[24]
Ohio 1 Ozro J. Dodds Democratic 1872 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 2 Job E. Stevenson Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Liberal Republican gain.
Ohio 3 Lewis D. Campbell Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Ohio 4 John F. McKinney Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Ohio 5 Charles N. Lamison Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 6 John Armstrong Smith Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 7 Samuel Shellabarger Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
John Thomas Wilson
Redistricted from the 11th district 		Republican 1866 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 8 John Beatty Republican 1868 (special) Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 9 George W. Morgan
Redistricted from the 13th district 		Democratic 1868 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Ohio 10 Charles Foster
Redistricted from the 9th district 		Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles Foster (Republican) 51.2%
  • ▌Rush R. Sloane (Democratic) 48.8%
Erasmus D. Peck Republican 1870 (special) Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Ohio 11 None (new district) New seat.
Republican gain.
Ohio 12 Philadelph Van Trump Democratic 1866 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Hugh J. Jewett (Democratic) 58.8%
  • ▌James Taylor (Republican) 41.2%
Ohio 13 None (new district) New seat.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 14 James Monroe Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John Berry (Democratic) 57.9%
  • ▌Thomas E. Douglas (Republican) 42.1%
Ohio 15 William P. Sprague Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 16 John Bingham Republican 1864 Incumbent lost re-nomination.
Republican hold.
Ohio 17 Jacob A. Ambler Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 18 William H. Upson Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 19 James A. Garfield Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 20 None (new district) New seat.
Republican gain.

Oregon

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Oregon and 1872 United States Senate election in Oregon

Pennsylvania

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania and 1873 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

South Carolina

[edit]
Main article: 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina

Tennessee

[edit]
Main article: 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee at-large Horace Maynard
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Republican 1865 New district.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 1 Roderick R. Butler Republican 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 2 Abraham E. Garrett
Redistricted from the 3rd district 		Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 3 None (new district) New seat.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 4 John M. Bright Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5 Edward I. Golladay Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 6 Washington C. Whitthorne Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7 Robert P. Caldwell Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John D. C. Atkins (Democratic) 55.63%
  • ▌W. W. Murray (Republican) 37.70%
  • ▌W. E. Travis (Democratic) 6.67%[32]
Tennessee 8 William W. Vaughan Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY David A. Nunn (Republican) 37.90%
  • ▌A. W. Campbell (Democratic) 29.83%
  • ▌William P. Caldwell (Democratic) 22.38%
  • ▌T. H. Bell (Democratic) 9.89%[33]
Tennessee 9 None (new district) New seat.
Republican gain.

Texas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Texas

Vermont

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont and 1872 United States Senate election in Vermont
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[35]
Vermont 1 Charles W. Willard Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
Vermont 2 Luke P. Poland Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected
Vermont 3 Worthington C. Smith Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY George Hendee (Republican) 77.7%
  • ▌Henry Adams (Democratic) 21.7%

Virginia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[36]
Virginia 1 John Critcher Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic loss.
Elliott M. Braxton
Redistricted from the 7th district 		Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Virginia 2 James H. Platt Jr. Republican 1869 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 3 Charles H. Porter Republican 1869 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Virginia 4 William H. H. Stowell Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 5 Richard T. W. Duke Conservative 1870 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 6 None (new district) New seat.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas Whitehead (Democratic) 51.4%
  • ▌J. Foote Johnson (Independent) 48.6%
Virginia 7 John T. Harris
Redistricted from the 6th district 		Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 8 None (new district) New seat.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 9 William Terry
Redistricted from the 8th district 		Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.

West Virginia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from West Virginia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 John J. Davis Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected as an Independent Democrat.
Independent Democratic gain.
West Virginia 2 James McGrew Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John Hagans (Republican) 82.40%
  • ▌Arthur R. Boeteler (Republican) 9.27%
  • ▌W. H. Lanon (Independent) 6.11%
  • ▌J. B. Walker (Independent) 1.89%
  • ▌O. P. Downey (Independent) 0.34%[38]
West Virginia 3 Frank Hereford Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.

Wisconsin

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin and 1872 United States Senate election in Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1872. Two seats were newly added in reapportionment after the 1870 census.[40][41]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wisconsin 1 None (new district) New seat.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 2 Gerry Whiting Hazelton Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 3 J. Allen Barber Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY J. Allen Barber (Republican) 58.2%
  • ▌Allen Warden (Liberal Republican) 41.8%
Wisconsin 4 Alexander Mitchell
Redistricted from the 1st district 		Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 5 Charles A. Eldredge
Redistricted from the 4th district 		Democratic 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 6 Philetus Sawyer
Redistricted from the 5th district 		Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 7 Jeremiah M. Rusk
Redistricted from the 6th district 		Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Jeremiah M. Rusk (Republican) 65.4%
  • ▌Stephen Marston (Liberal Republican) 34.6%
Wisconsin 8 None (new district) New seat.
Republican gain.

Non-voting delegates

[edit]
Montana results by county:
  Maginnis
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  Clagett
  •   50–60%
  No Data
District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Colorado Territory at-large Jerome B. Chaffee Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Dakota Territory at-large Moses K. Armstrong Independent
Democratic 		1870 Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.
Democratic gain.
Idaho Territory at-large Samuel A. Merritt Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Montana Territory at-large William H. Clagett Republican 1871 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Wyoming Territory at-large William T. Jones Republican 1870 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ In the majority of states; 11 states held elections on different dates between June 4, 1872 and April 7, 1873.
  2. ^ Includes 1 Independent Republican.
  3. ^ a b c Includes 1 Independent Democrat, John J. Davis, elected to WV-01.
  4. ^ a b c d Includes 1 Liberal Republican.
  5. ^ a b Elections held late.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Elections held early.
  7. ^ Includes 4 Liberal Republicans.
  8. ^ Thomas Boles lost election in 1870 to John Edwards, contested the election and was seated February 1872.
  9. ^ Wilshire (Republican) was initially seated (and thus is counted towards the party totals at this article), but the election was contested and the seat was subsequently awarded to Gunter (Democratic) during the 40th Congress's first session.
  10. ^ Represented the Brindle Tail Republican faction in Arkansas
  11. ^ Represented the Minstrel Republican faction in Arkansas

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 17 Stat. 28
  2. ^ 17 Stat. 192
  3. ^ Heersink, Boris; Jenkins, Jeffrey A. (March 19, 2020). Republican Party Politics and the American South, 1865-1968. Cambridge University Press. p. 256. ISBN 978-1107158436.
  4. ^ 5 Stat. 721: 28th Congress, 2nd Sess., Ch. 1, enacted January 23, 1845
  5. ^ "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  6. ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1046. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
  7. ^ "AL - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
  8. ^ "AL - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
  9. ^ "AL - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
  10. ^ "AL - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
  11. ^ "AL - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
  12. ^ "AL - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
  13. ^ "AL - At Large Race". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
  14. ^ "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  15. ^ "DE District At Large - Nov 05, 1872". Our Campaigns. January 13, 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
  16. ^ "Our Campaigns - LA - At Large Race - Nov 05, 1872". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  17. ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  18. ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  19. ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  20. ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  21. ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  22. ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  23. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Oct 8, 1872". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
  24. ^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. p. 306.
  25. ^ "TN - At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  26. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  27. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  28. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  29. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  30. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  31. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  32. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  33. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  34. ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  35. ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  36. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  37. ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  38. ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  39. ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  40. ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  41. ^ Turner, A. J., ed. (1874). "Official directory". The legislative manual of the state of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 444–445. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  42. ^ "Our Campaigns - CO Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 05, 1872". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  43. ^ "DK Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  44. ^ "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  45. ^ "MT Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  46. ^ "WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 11, 2021.

Bibliography

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