Chery

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This article is about the Chinese automaker. For other uses, see Chery (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Chevy or Cherry.

Chery Automobile Co. Ltd.
Company typeState-owned corporation
IndustryAutomotive
Founded8 January 1997; 27 years ago (1997-01-08)
HeadquartersWuhu, Anhui, China
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Yin Tongyue (chairman)
ProductsAutomobiles
Engines
Production output
Increase 1,881,316 vehicles (2023)[1]
Number of employees
48,000[2]
ParentChery Holding Group
Subsidiaries
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese奇瑞汽车股份有限公司
Traditional Chinese奇瑞汽車股份有限公司
Chery
Simplified Chinese奇瑞
Websitewww.cheryinternational.com
www.chery.cn (in Chinese)

Chery Automobile Co. Ltd.,[3] trading as Chery (Chinese: 奇瑞; pinyin: Qíruì),[4] is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer and brand headquartered in Wuhu, Anhui, China. Founded in 1997, it is currently the third largest automobile manufacturer in China, with 1,881,316 vehicles sold in 2023.[5][6]

Chery was founded in 1997 by government officials of Wuhu city. Under the leadership of current chairman Yin Tongyue who initially joined as technical director, Chery launched its first car called the Fengyun in 1999 by using a licensed SEAT chassis. During its early years, Chery utilized technologies from other manufacturers, some licensed and some others by reverse engineering. This led to a lawsuit in 2003 filed by General Motors alleging that Chery had copied the design of one of its cars. Since 2006, Chery has produced its own engines branded as ACTECO, which it also sells to other manufacturers.[7]

The company started exporting cars from China since 2001, ahead of other Chinese manufacturers, and became the top exporter of Chinese brand passenger vehicles since 2023. The company exported 269,154 vehicles in 2021, 451,337 vehicles in 2022, and 937,148 vehicles in 2023, accounting for 52 percent of its overall sales.[8][9] Chery invests more heavily in overseas markets than other Chinese manufacturers, and many of its vehicles are assembled overseas for export markets that use either complete or semicomplete knock-down kits.

Chery adopts a multi-brand strategy by establishing many car brands for different purposes. As of 2024, the company has 8 active brands, including the main Chery brand (with Chery Fulwin and Chery New Energy sub-brands for plug-in hybrid and electric cars respectively), Exeed for premium vehicles, Luxeed as a collaborative electric car brand with Huawei, Jetour that focuses on SUVs, iCar for electric SUVs, Karry for commercial vehicles, and Omoda/Jaecoo for export markets. The company also operates a joint venture with JLR since 2012 called Chery Jaguar Land Rover for the production of Jaguar and Land Rover cars in China.

Name[edit]

Chery logo used from 2013 until 2022, still used in some overseas markets

Yin Tongyue, then a technical director proposed the name "Qirui" (Chinese: 奇瑞) in 1998, which means "unexpected and auspicious". Later, this name was romanised as Chery (initially "Cheery" during the 1999 brand launch). Other proposed names include "Jiuhua" (Chinese: 九华) after the local Mount Jiuhua area, but the name was rejected by the Chinese industrial and commercial department because was stipulated that trademarks cannot be registered with place names.[10]

History[edit]

Early years[edit]

Chery SQR7160 Fengyun

Chery was founded in 8 January 1997 as a state-owned enterprise by a group of officials from Wuhu city in Anhui province. The city officials appointed Yin Tongyue, the current Chery chairman as the company's technical director in 1996. Yin is from Anhui, and at that time was a manager in FAW, holding a position as a workshop director for the FAW-Volkswagen joint venture. The car project is formally incorporated on 18 March 1997, as Anhui Auto Parts Co., Ltd, with substantial funding from the Anhui provincial government, amounting to millions of yuan. The plan was to set up an engine production line, create a components industry, before initiating car manufacturing operations.[11]

Chery began automobile production in 1999 using a SEAT Toledo chassis licensed from Spanish manufacturer SEAT.[12][13] Called the Fengyun, Chery's first car sold nearly 30,000 units.[12] The company was only awarded a national passenger car production license in 2003,[14] so while its first product rolled off the line in December 1999, it could not be legally sold outside the Anhui province for several years.[12] In that year, Chery solved the problem by piggybacking on a SAIC Motor license, which it did until 2003.[14] Ownership was soon sold due to rising tensions between Chery and another SAIC partner General Motors, and political pressure from the SAIC management towards Anhui authorities.[11][15] By 2002, Chery's sedan production and sales exceeded 50,000 units, ranking among the "top eight" in the domestic passenger car industry.[16]

Expansion period[edit]

In May 2003, Chery launched its smallest car, the QQ, which became popular due to its design and affordability. Despite its successful sales, it also received quality and durability complaints from owners.[10] In June 2003, American manufacturer General Motors (GM) filed a widely publicised lawsuit against Chery, alleging that the design of the QQ copied the first-generation Daewoo Matiz, a vehicle developed by GM Daewoo. In late 2005, the lawsuit was settled out of court.[17] GM was not the only manufacturer to have been exasperated with Chery; Volkswagen claimed Chery was using tooling from an old VW factory to produce a model that resembled a Jetta circa 2003.[18] These entrepreneurial risk-taking led the The Wall Street Journal in 2007 to describe Chery's corporate culture as "an odd hybrid of Communist state enterprise and entrepreneurial start-up".[12]

Chery started improving its engineering capabilities,[10] and launching other new products such as the Tiggo SUV and other models.[16] In 2003, Chery started buying 1.4-litre Tritec petrol engines produced in Brazil and jointly developed by BMW and Chrysler.[10] In 2005, the company uses a Mitsubishi Motors engine for the Tiggo, which was widely used in the Chinese car industry at that time.[10] Chery started producing its own engine branded as ACTECO since 2006.[7] It is the result of a technical cooperation dating from 2003 with AVL, an Austrian engineering company.[19] Starting 2008, Chery supplied ACTECO engines to Fiat, which used the 1.6- and 1.8-liter engines for the Fiat Linea.[20][21]

Chery A3

The A3, introduced in August 2007, became a turning point of the brand. The sedan was styled by Pininfarina, and became the first Chinese-developed car to receive a 5-star rating in the China NCAP safety test.[22]

In the late 2000s period, Chery also began to actively seek a partnership with a foreign automaker, a hallmark of major Chinese car makers. Several possible tie-ups with both Chrysler and Fiat were explored, but fell through.[23][24]

In 2009, Chery produced 508,500 units,[25] and at this time, it had an annual production capacity around 650,000 units.[26] More than 400,000 of its 2009 sales were sedans.[27] In that year, Yin Tongyue announced changes to the company’s strategy to become a multi-brand company, by introducing three new brand names: Karry, Rely, and Riich. Chery also renamed all its cars to Cowin followed by a number, except for the E5, QQ, and Tiggo. It also introduced the Fengyun 2 to replace the SEAT-based sedan. These changes are aimed to eliminate the low-budget image of Chery cars.[28] Later its sprawling production policy and lineup became a problem for Chery. With over 100 new models in the works, Chery decided in the fall of 2012 to cancel the Rely and Riich brands. Since then, Chery has entered an adjustment period of "returning to one Chery", and reduced its planned models to around 30.[29]

Chery became the seventh-most productive Chinese vehicle manufacturer in 2010 by selling nearly 700,000 units.[30] Slipping sales marked 2011 and 2012; in these years, the company produced more than 640,000 and near 590,000 units, respectively, and it moved from a seventh to a tenth-place ranking.[31] This decrease may be due to Chery's manufacturing mix being significantly different from those of other, major Chinese automakers; the company does make commercial vehicles, but SUVs comprise only 14% of its product line. The company in 2011 exported around 25% of its total production.[32]

In 2014, Chery revived its multi-brand strategy by establishing Cowin as a separate brand, which is positioned as a low-budget offering. The brand was sold in 2018.[28] Chery was also involved with the establishment of Qoros, a joint venture formed in 2007 with Kenon Holdings based in Singapore and owned by Israeli investors, and started selling the Qoros 3 sedan in 2013. Qoros was sold off in 2018, and faced bankruptcy in 2022.[33]

Chery introduced its first electric vehicle in 2009 by electrifying the original Chery QQ. Following this, Chery released the Chery eQ in 2014, an EV variant of the second-generation QQ, and later launched the eQ1 in 2016.[34]

In 2013 Chery began manufacturing a redesigned Moke revival. The design evokes the classic Mini Moke built from 1964 until 1993.[35]

Rapid growth period[edit]

In 2021, Chery announced "Double 50" strategic plan that targeted by 2025, aiming to export 500,000 vehicles and achieve an export volume of US$5 billion by 2025.[36] However, the company ended up surpassing the plan by a large margin, by exporting 937,148 vehicles in 2023.[9]

In 2022, Chery entered the Mexican market under the Chirey brand due to trademark issues.[37] Other markets entered in 2022 included Malaysia,[38] and Indonesia.[39] Chery re-entered the Australian market in 2023, after briefly selling cars there in the early 2010s.[40]

In 2023, Chery launched a new brand iCar which mainly sells electric SUVs that targets young customers, and the Sterra electric lineup under its Exeed brand. The company also started a partnership Huawei under the Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA), where Chery supplied HIMA with electric vehicles under the Luxeed brand. Luxeed's first product is the Luxeed S7, which is first car to have the Harmony OS 4 on board.[41][42]

Omoda and Jaecoo brand launch in Wuhu, Anhui

In April 2023, Chery launched two new brands in a ceremony held in Wuhu, Anhui called Omoda and Jaecoo. Both brands are only marketed outside China to support Chery's export strategy. The two brands combined (referred to as "O&J" brands) were targeted to reach annual global sales of 1,400,000 units by 2030 (not including China).[43][44] Also in 2023, Chery also announced its new high-performance plug-in hybrid platform marketed as "Chery Dual Mode" (C-DM) to be introduced into most of its models. The plug-in hybrid system became available in Chery vehicles carrying the Fulwin sub-brand, Jetour vehicles under the Shanhai sub-brand, and Exeed vehicles.[45][46][47]

On January 11, 2024, Chery has signed strategic cooperation framework agreements with Nio to establish cooperation in battery standards, battery swapping technology, the construction of battery swapping service networks, and operation.[48]

In 2024, Chery fully acquired the Soueast, previously a subsidiary of Fujian Motors Group.[49] The production facility of Soueast is used for producing Jetour brand vehicles.[50]

Operations[edit]

Chery's main production base in the mainland of China is located in Anhui.[51][52][53] As of 2007, the company had two auto-making production bases, two engine-making facilities, and a transmission production plant.[52] Another car-making production base located in Dalian, Liaoning province, became operational in 2012.[53][54]

Research and development[edit]

Chery invests around 7% of its total sales in research and development,[55] and, as of 2011, had over 4,000 patents.[56] It has R&D facilities in Wuhu, Anhui province,[57] and Changshu, Jiangsu province.[58] Chery has cooperative agreements with many foreign component firms, including the American ArvinMeritor,[59] American Autoliv,[60] American Delphi Automotive,[60] the Australian company Futuris,[60] German Robert Bosch GmbH,[59] American PPG Industries,[59] German Siemens VDO,[59] French Valeo,[59] and the American Visteon.[61] Some have helped Chery establish a local supply chain.[59]

Chery established a R&D center at Raunheim, Germany near Frankfurt in 2018, which went operational in 2019 under Chery Europe GmbH. The facility employed around 30 to 50 people in its initial phase. In early 2024, Chery announced the expansion of the R&D center in Raunheim and will double the number of employees at the center to 120 by the end of 2024. The facility has gradually grown into one of Chery's most important R&D and design bases over the past five years.[62]

Overseas markets[edit]

Chery export sales figures
Year Export sales
2014 108,238[63]
2015 86,715[64]
2016 88,081[65]
2017 107,727[66]
2018 126,993[67]
2019 96,047[68]
2020 113,762[69]
2021 269,154[70]
2022 451,337[71]
2023 937,148[72]

Chery has been the largest Chinese automobile exporter. The company started its export operations well ahead of other Chinese manufacturers, making its first export to the Middle East as early as 2001. It became China’s largest car exporter since 2003, except in 2022 when SAIC Motor briefly took the position.[73] As of 2024, Chery has been exporting cars to more than 80 countries and regions, with a total export volume of more than 1.7 million vehicles. Russia, South America and the Middle East are its key export markets.[74]

Chery's export business started in October 2001 when a car dealership owner from Syria spotted a Chery car on the streets of Beijing, catching his interest. Following numerous inquiries, he learned that this car was the recently released first-generation Fengyun/Fulwin sedan from Chery. The dealer promptly visited Chery's headquarters in Anhui, aiming to meet current chairman Yin Tongyue, at that time executive deputy general manager of Chery Automobile to discuss potential collaboration in automobile exports. Eventually, Yin agreed to export 10 cars as a trial, marking the beginning of Chery's venture into overseas markets. Subsequently, Chery started exporting cars in larger volumes to other regions.[16]

In the following two decades, Chery's annual export sales remained at around 100,000 to 150,000 vehicles until a surge occurred in the early 2020s. From 2020 to 2023, Chery's export business experienced rapid growth, doubling to 937,100 vehicles in 2023 compared to the previous year, constituting 52 percent of its total sales.[16] In that year, Chery ranks first in the export volume among Chinese automobile manufacturers, surpassing SAIC Motor's passenger cars division that held the position in 2022.[62] Its overseas ventures were reported to be more lucrative than its domestic operations due to the larger margin per vehicle, with a significant portion of the over 30 billion yuan profit in 2022 coming from international markets.[75]

Chery claims to be the first Chinese manufacturer to export complete vehicles, CKD components, engines, and complete vehicle manufacturing technology and equipment abroad.[74] As of 2024, Chery has 10 production bases overseas which produces either complete or semi-complete knock-down kits, mainly in South America, the Middle East and Russia, and plans to expand to Southeast Asia and Europe.[62]

Americas[edit]

Brazil[edit]

A Chery dealership in São Paulo, Brazil

Chery has a production base in Jacareí, Brazil, that began construction in July 2011,[76] in a joint effort with the government of the state of São Paulo.[77] The plant began operating in August 2014, with a first-phase production capacity of 50,000 units per year. In phase two, the plant would achieve an annual production capacity of 150,000 units. The models produced there was the hybrid-powered Celer (since October 2014), the QQ (since the second half of 2015),[78] Tiggo 2 (since mid-2017)[79] and Arrizo 5 (since October 2018).[80]

In 2017, Grupo Caoa bought 51% of the company, renaming it as Caoa Chery. Caoa has been producing the Tiggo 4 in Anápolis, Goiás in knock-down kit form since November 2018.[81]

Mexico[edit]

Omoda cars in a dealership in Mexico

In 2022, Chery entered the Mexican market under the Chirey brand.[82][83] The reason for the alternate Chirey name was due to American businessman Malcolm Bricklin owning the Chery trademark in North America, due to his plan to import Chery vehicles to the US and Canada in the 2000s.[37]

In May 2023, Chery introduced Omoda as its second brand in the country. The Chirey Omoda 5 was renamed the Omoda C5. Omoda will open 70 dealers across the country shared with the upcoming Jaecoo brand.[84][85]

Uruguay[edit]

Between 2007 and 2015, the Argentinian company SOCMA Group[86] manufactured Chery vehicles in the Oferol factory in Barra de Carrasco, Canelones, Uruguay.[87] The Tiggo was officially launched in Uruguay in October 2007.[88][89] The plant was permanently closed as of May 2015.[90]

Venezuela[edit]

First introduced to this country in mid-2006, Chery vehicles continued to be the only licensed Chinese car exports to Venezuela as of 2011, according to the company.[56] Opened in September 2011, a new Chery production site in the north-central state of Aragua, owned by the ZGT joint venture, produces the A1 and A3 models.[91]

Asia[edit]

Indonesia[edit]

In this country, Chery models was assembled from knock-down kits since 2006 until 2011 by Indomobil Group. In 2022, the brand returned to Indonesia under direct factory-backed operations, and contracted PT Handal Motor Indonesia to assemble Chery vehicles in the country since late 2022.[92][93]

Iran[edit]

In 2003, Chery signed CKD (completely knock down) agreements with Iran's SKT Company and Modiran Vehicle Manufacturing Company, which involved a factory construction to assemble vehicles in the form of complete parts, which has lower tariffs than directly importing complete vehicles.[10] Manufacture from kits in Iran began in 2004.[94] In late 2007, Chery stated that it held a minority ownership in a joint venture with Iranian Khodro and Canadian Solitac as its partners.[95] This JV controlled a knock-down factory in Babol, Mazandaran. Making a QQ6 renamed the S21, it may be sold both inside and outside Iran.[95] and carry a brand name other than Chery, as well.[citation needed] Tiggo5 and Arrizo5 cars are being sold as Chery brand in Iran.[96]

Malaysia[edit]

A small facility may have become operational around 2004,[94] and by 2008, a factory assembling Chery models from kits opened in Johor Bahru, Johor.[92] In 2012, Chery planned another factory that was expected to be built and operational in Malaysia by 2015.[97][98]

In 2023, the brand returned to Malaysia under direct factory-backed operations, and assembled vehicles at Inokom's facility in Kulim, Kedah since August 2023.[99] In 2024, Chery Malaysia announced that it will build a fully-owned plant in Shah Alam to complement production at Kulim.[100]

Myanmar[edit]

As of May 2011, a 3,000 to 5,000 unit/year production facility is planned in Myanmar.[76]

Pakistan[edit]

Chery has entered into a manufacturing and licensing agreement with Ghandhara Nissan of Pakistan.[101] The assembly of Chery SUVs in Pakistan commenced on 31 March 2022.[102]

Taiwan[edit]

The Chery A3 was assembled since August 2009 in Taichung, Taiwan, by Shengrong Auto, a subsidiary of Prince Motors (Chinese: 太子汽車; pinyin: Tàizǐ Qìchē), a Taiwanese car company.[103]

Europe[edit]

Western Europe[edit]

Chery plans to launch three brands in core European markets in 2026, with each brand launching three new models. Two brands, Omoda and Jaecoo will be launched first in 2024, while the luxury brand Exlantix (sub-brand of Exeed) will be launched in 2025.[62]

In April 2024, Chery signed a joint venture deal with Spanish company EV Motors to build cars in a former Nissan factory in Barcelona, Spain. Nissan ended production in the plant in 2021, before handing the facility over to Spanish electric motorcycle maker Silence and local engineering groups QEV and EV Motors. Chery will start producing its Omoda vehicles at the plant first, while EV Motors will produce its own vehicles starting in the fourth quarter of 2024.[104]

Russia[edit]

In Russia, Avtotor produced Chery models from kits from 2006 to 2008.[105] TagAZ also produced Chery vehicles, from 2008 to 2014, but these usually carried non-Chery badges such as "Vortex".[106]

As a result of Western, South Korean and Japanese manufacturers leaving Russia due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Chery reported massive sales growth in Russia. In 2023, Chery was second only to the local Russian brand Lada with annual sales of 119,000 vehicles with a local market share of 11.2%, accounting for 20% of Chery's overseas sales.[62]

Turkey[edit]

In October 2009, Chery announced plans for an assembly plant in Turkey to be built in cooperation with the Turkish automaker Mermerler Otomotiv at a cost of $500 million.[107][108] The plant is planned to have an initial capacity of 20,000 units per year, rising to 100,000 by 2017.[108] As of 2012, the plant has yet to commence production.[109]

Ukraine[edit]

ZAZ Forza (Ukraine)

Chery had a partnership with ZAZ since 2006[110] and manufactured cars from kits at sites in Zaporizhzhia and Chornomorsk. Since February 2011, the Chery A13 has been manufactured in Ukraine, where it is rebadged and sold in the country as a ZAZ Forza.[111]

Africa[edit]

Egypt[edit]

Speranza Chery A5 in Sharm el-Sheik, Egypt

Assembly of Chery cars from complete knock-down kits began in Egypt in 2004 according to the company itself,[112] but news reports indicate that it only expressed initial interest in doing so that year.[94] As of 2011, some Chery models may be sold here under the brand name Speranza.[113][114] One Egyptian factory making Chery models from semi-complete knock-down kits had a 2009 production capacity of 30,000 vehicles/year.[115]

In 2011, Chery stated the parts localization ratio for Egypt was 45%.[56]

Products and brands[edit]

Main article: List of Chery vehicles

Chery[edit]

Sedan[edit]

  • Chery Arrizo 8
    Chery Arrizo 8
  • Chery Arrizo 5 Plus
    Chery Arrizo 5 Plus
  • Chery Arrizo 5
    Chery Arrizo 5

SUV[edit]

  • Chery Tiggo 9
    Chery Tiggo 9
  • Chery Tiggo 8 Pro
    Chery Tiggo 8 Pro
  • Chery Tiggo 7 Plus
    Chery Tiggo 7 Plus
  • Chery Tiggo 5x
    Chery Tiggo 5x
  • Chery Tansuo 06
    Chery Tansuo 06
  • Chery Omoda 5
    Chery Omoda 5

Chery Fulwin[edit]

Logo of Chery Fulwin

Chery Fulwin (Chinese: 奇瑞风云; pinyin: Qíruì Fēngyún) is a product line of Chery established in November 2023 to market plug-in hybrid vehicles. Most Fulwin vehicles are based on Chery petrol vehicles with an additional plug-in hybrid system marketed as Kunpeng Super Performance Electric Hybrid C-DM. Its first model, the Fulwin A8 sedan was available to pre-sale in December 2023.[116] Chery Fulwin vehicles are distributed through separate dealership network.[117]

Chery Fulwin products will be divided into three series: A, T and M, representing sedan, SUV and MPV categories respectively. Extended-range electric and battery electric vehicles are also planned.[118]

The Fulwin/Fengyun name was a model name used by Chery several times in the past, starting from the Fulwin sedan in 1999.[119][120]

Products[edit]

  • Chery Fulwin A8
    Chery Fulwin A8
  • Chery Fulwin A9
    Chery Fulwin A9

Chery New Energy[edit]

Chery New Energy Vehicle Technology Co., Ltd.
Company typeSubsidiary
FoundedApril 2010; 14 years ago (2010-04)
Area served
China
ProductsAutomobiles
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese奇瑞新能源汽车技术有限公司
Hanyu PinyinQíruì Xīn Néngyuán Qìchē Jìshù Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
Websitecheryev.cn

Chery New Energy (Chinese: 奇瑞新能源; pinyin: Qíruì Xīn Néngyuán) is a subsidiary of Chery established in April 2010 to produce and market electric vehicles.[122]

Products[edit]

  • Chery QQ Ice Cream
    Chery QQ Ice Cream
  • Chery eQ1
    Chery eQ1
  • Chery Wujie Pro
    Chery Wujie Pro
  • Chery eQ7
    Chery eQ7

Exeed[edit]

Main article: Exeed

Exeed ((Chinese: 星途; pinyin: Xīngtú) is Chery's premium brand for passenger vehicles, introduced in September 2017.

Jetour[edit]

Main article: Jetour

Jetour (Chinese: 捷途; pinyin: Jiétú; lit. 'victory road') is Chery's SUV brand launched in 2018.

iCar[edit]

Main article: iCar (marque)

iCar is Chery's EV brand targeting at young customers, launched in April 2023.[123] CATL announced that they will be incorporating their sodium-ion batteries into the Chery iCar.[124]

Luxeed[edit]

Main article: Luxeed
See also: Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance

Luxeed is Chery's premium EV brand in cooperation with Huawei. The first car, a premium electric executive sedan unveiled in November 9, 2023, and would be the first car to have the Harmony OS 4 system on board.[125]

Karry Auto[edit]

Main article: Karry

Karry Auto is a Chinese market only brand founded by Chery in 2009. It specializes in the production of light commercial vehicles and people carriers for passenger transport. Some of the products created for Karry are marketed overseas under different marques by Chery.

Overseas brands[edit]

Main articles: Omoda and Jaecoo

Chery has two brands that are only used in overseas markets, which are Omoda and Jaecoo.

Former brands[edit]

Riich[edit]

Main article: Riich

The Riich brand was discontinued in 2012.[29]

Concept cars[edit]

  • Chery Antee X Concept
    Chery Antee X Concept
  • Chery Concept α
    Chery Concept α
  • Chery Concept β
    Chery Concept β
  • Chery Arrizo Star Concept
    Chery Arrizo Star Concept
  • Chery Tiggo Coupe Concept
    Chery Tiggo Coupe Concept

Engines[edit]

The company produces and exported engines under the brands ACTECO and CAC. Chery engines have been bought by Fiat and exported to the US.[52][129]

Partnerships[edit]

In 2007, Chrysler planned a cooperation with Chery that would have seen the Chery A1 sold as a Dodge-brand car in the US and abroad.[51] The plan would have quickly increased the Chrysler small car stable, and the two companies participated in a signing ceremony in late 2007.[130] In early 2008, a similar deal was reached between Chrysler and Nissan, however, and the Chrysler-Chery cooperation was abandoned.[131] Around the time of the 2009 Chrysler Chapter 11 reorganization, Chrysler discussed the possibility of an asset sale with Chery, but this also fell through.[23]

In 2007, Fiat and Chery signed a memorandum of understanding for the creation of a car-making joint venture. Intended to begin operations in 2009, it was to manufacture Fiat and Alfa Romeo-branded products for the Chinese market and be located in Wuhu. The deal was put on hold in March 2009.[24] Since 2011, Fiat produced cars in China with local partner GAC Group.[132]

In 2007, Chery and Kenon Holdings, a company based in Singapore and owned by Israeli investors, established a car brand called Qoros in 2007.[133] Qoros adopted a unique engineering approach by leveraging expertise from Western car manufacturers and establishing technical cooperation with Magna Steyr. The Qoros 3 sedan, unveiled in 2013, marked the brand's entry into the market with modern features and Euro NCAP safety certification. Despite ambitious plans, sales of the Qoros models, including the Qoros 3 sedan and Qoros 5 SUV, fell short of expectations. Chery pulled out of the joint venture in 2018,[33] and Qoros went bankrupt in 2022.[33]

In 2020, there were plans for Chinese auto maker Chery to buy a percentage of Tata Motors in order for Chery to gain entry into the Indian market and in order for Tata Motors to get technology for cars such as the proposed Tata Blackbird.[134] However, due to COVID-19 pandemic and the continuing political tensions over the Chinese/Indian border, reports indicated that it is highly unlikely that these plans will go ahead.[135]

Joint ventures[edit]

Chery operates car-making joint ventures with Jaguar Land Rover and Israel Corporation,[133] and automotive component-manufacturing joint ventures with Arvin Meritor, Johnson Controls, and PPG Industries.[136]

Chery Jaguar Land Rover[edit]

Main article: Chery Jaguar Land Rover

In March 2012, Chery and the UK-based luxury automaker Jaguar Land Rover agreed to invest an initial US$2.78 billion in a new China-based joint venture that will sell and manufacture Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles and engines, as well as establish a research and development facility and create a new "own-brand" automobile marque.[137] The joint venture received regulatory approval in September 2012.[138] An initial production base will be built in Changshu, a county-level city close to Shanghai.[139][better source needed]

Qoros[edit]

Qoros 3
Main article: Qoros

Its first car-making joint venture with a foreign firm, Qoros was established by Chery in cooperation with Israel Corporation in 2007, and planned to begin sales in 2013.[140] Set to unveil a sedan atop a brand-new platform[140] at the 2013 Shanghai Auto Show,[141] Qoros' debut models will not be electric vehicles (as some sources may have reported).[140] A proposed production base for the venture will be built in Changshu, Jiangsu province, and become operational in 2012.[142] Production capacity will be 150,000 units a year,[58] but the location may not run at full capacity until 2015 or 2016.[143] While Qoros professes its desire to sell to young city dwellers[144] in China and Europe,[140] The company does have plans to include electric vehicles in its lineup.[140]

Higher-end Qoros cars are built with components and systems from foreign suppliers such as American Visteon and French Valeo.[145] Its engine design also required assistance from a foreign firm,[143] and Qoros has attracted western talent including former employees of Volkswagen and Mini.[58] It has sites in Austria and Germany as of 2012.[144]

Although initially known as Chery Quantum Auto Co., Ltd., its legal name became Qoros Auto Co., Ltd.[140]

Sales[edit]

Chery has been the top Chinese auto exporter since 2003,[146] and many of its exports may be in the form of knock-down kits destined for overseas assembly. Prior to 2012, Chery lacked a joint venture with an established Western automaker, which may explain its export focus. A 2009 report by the US Congressional Research Service asserted that such joint ventures, commonplace in the Chinese auto industry, restrained overseas sales.[147]

Making its first export to Syria in 2001,[148] as of 2010 Chery was the top exporter among Chinese automakers, a title it held since 2003.[149] Many of these exports may be in the form of knock-down kits.[citation needed]

Chery group sales data by brand[150][151][152]
Year Total Chery[153] Jetour Exeed iCar Luxeed
2010 750,456 750,456 - - - -
2011 729,497 729,497 - - - -
2012 653,476 653,476 - - - -
2013 561,062 561,062 - - - -
2014 570,718 570,718 - - - -
2015 575,108 575,108 - - - -
2016 682,474 682,474 - - - -
2017 604,708 604,708 - - - -
2018 752,759 540,233 40,007 - - -
2019 747,806 605,602 128,204 14,000 - -
2020 731,117 586,445 126,595 18,077 - -
2021 961,926 656,943 154,035 37,167 - -
2022 1,232,727 908,553 180,067 51,142 - -
2023 1,881,316 1,341,261 315,167 125,521 1,445 899
Chery group sales data by country[150]
Year Global China Russia Mexico Brazil Turkey Egypt Chile South Africa Israel Australia Indonesia Ukraine Argentina Uruguay Colombia UAE Iran
2003 85,349 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2004 87,138 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2005 189,445 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2006 292,291 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2007 379,001 37,120 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2008 334,800 15,728 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2009 411,231 4,922 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2010 750,456 548,444 8,909 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2011 729,497 551,072 6,624 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2012 653,476 533,161 19,004 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2013 561,062 437,044 19,855 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2014 570,718 494,824 18,139 - 9,097 325 - 1,297 - 592 1,231 3,775 3,059 5,037 5,860 29,449
2015 575,108 410,591 4,964 - 3,630 394 - 746 - 201 446 4,572 1,437 4,794 5,716 32,730
2016 682,474 504,247 4,758 - 1,362 - 8,173 333 - 19 66 3,670 431 1,573 3,514 41,019
2017 604,708 455,718 5,905 - 3,536 - 5,477 6,430 184 - 7 - 7,027 417 865 - -
2018 752,759 427,811 5,611 - 8,353 - 4,649 8,261 - - 1 - 6,152 123 798 - -
2019 747,806 411,179 6,358 - 19,824 - 5,582 7,178 - - - - 1,672 1,998 480 597 - -
2020 731,117 450,786 11,452 - 19,456 - 9,844 7,078 - - - - 1,974 1,319 694 429 - -
2021 961,926 644,322 40,874[154] - 39,739 - 16,314[155] 26,906[156] - - - - 4,653 1,144 687 - - -
2022 1,232,727 781,390 52,183 7,450 35,033 - 18,918 24,953 8,013 593 - - 687 836 788 - - -
2023 1,881,316 765,209 206,035 38,484 31,290 27,587 10,209 13,204 16,110 11,127 5,890 4,099 1,143 426 900 - -

Motorsport[edit]

Chery participated in the Dakar Rally in 2010 and 2011, racing with Rely X5 SUVs in both editions.[157][158]

Controversies[edit]

Copying claims[edit]

The Chery QQ (left) and Daewoo Matiz (right)

In June 2003, American manufacturer General Motors sued Chery accusing it of copying the first generation Daewoo Matiz (developed by a GM subsidiary, GM Daewoo) in its design for the Chery QQ.[159] General Motors also claimed a disguised Matiz was used in a crash test in place of the Chery car.[160]

GM executives claimed design duplication with many parts interchangeable between the QQ and the Matiz,[17] and GM China Group stated the two vehicles, "shared remarkably identical body structure, exterior design, interior design and key components."[161]

While some Chery cars are not copies, such as the Pininfarina-designed A3,[162] the QQ may not be the sole Chery model that wears famous-name designs; the Chery Tiggo is criticized for resembling the second generation Toyota RAV4.[163] Other model using the Matiz technology found in the QQ include the closely related QQ6. The Eastar and its derivatives (V4, B12, and B22) have also been considered to be copies of the Daewoo Magnus.[164]

After mediation attempts failed, then-GM Daewoo (now known as GM Korea) brought a case against Chery in a Shanghai court, but by 2005 jurisdiction had been moved[17] to the Beijing No.1 Intermediate People's Court.[165]

Around that time Chinese state officials, including a vice-minister of commerce and a vice-director of the State Intellectual Property Office, publicly supported Chery. The Chinese have claimed that GM didn't properly patent their technology.[165] In late 2005 the lawsuit was settled.[160]

Malcolm Bricklin U.S. court case[edit]

An American entrepreneur with past experience importing developing country autos to the U.S., Malcolm Bricklin, sued Chery in 2008 for contracting a different company after previously contracting Bricklin.[166]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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