List of battles of Guru Hargobind

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This is a list of battles fought by the 6th Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind.

Background[edit]

Guru Arjan had advised his son, Hargobind, to become martially trained when he was a youth.[1] Following Guru Arjan's exeution by Jahangir, the Mughal emperor, the Akal Sena came into being at the same time of the consecration of the Akal Bunga on the 15 June 1606.[2][3][4] The Akal Sena became the army of the Sikhs and was headquartered in Amritsar.[5] Guru Hargobind's army quickly grew in number and Sikhs began to call Guru Hargobind, "true king". A fort was created outside of Amritsar and Guru Hargobind had set up his own court in the Akal Takht.[6][7] Guru Hargobind was eventually summoned to Delhi where he went hunting with Jahangir. Both of them grew close and went to Agra together.[8] In 1609 he was imprisoned in Gawalior Fort by the emperor for reasons that are disputed.[9] Guru Hargobind was eventually let go and had 52 Rajput Kings let go with him.[10]: 8  Following his release Guru Hargobind maintained friendly relations with Jahangur while further strengthining the Akal Sena.[9]

Battles[edit]

Main article: List of battles between Mughals and Sikhs
Battle Year Strength Casualties Combatants Result
Sikhs Enemy Sikhs Enemy Sikhs Enemy
Battle of Rohilla 1621 500-700 4,000[11] - 15,000[12] Unknown 14,000[12] Akal Sena Mughal Empire Sikh Victory[13]
Battle of Amritsar 1634 700[14]: 96  7,000[14]: 92  Unknown 7,000[14]: 92  Akal Sena Mughal Empire Sikh Victory[15]
Battle of Lahira 1634 3,000 Sikh[16]

1,000 Kangra[17]

35,100+[18] 1,200 Sikh[19][20]

500 Kangra soldiers[21]

35,100[22] Akal Sena
Kangra State 		Mughal Empire Sikh and Kangra Victory[23]
Battle of Kartarpur 1635 1,800 52,000[14]: 198 -100,000[24][25] 700-1,000[14]: 211 [26] 50,000[14]: 211 -96,000[27][28] Akal Sena Mughal Empire Sikh victory[29]: 820–821 
Battle of Phagwara 1635 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Akal Sena Mughal Empire Sikh Victory[29][30][31]
Battle of Kiratpur 1638 23 (during the siege - later reinforced with larger army) [32] Unknown Unknown High Akal Sena

Rulers of Ropar[33]

Pathans of Ropar[34]

Gujjars of Nangal Gujjaran[33]

Ranghars of Malakpur[35]

Sikh Victory[36]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Mitra, Swati (2006). Good Earth Punjab Travel Guide (2nd ed.). Eicher Goodearth Limited. p. 26. ISBN 9789380262178.
  2. ^ "Abstracts of Sikh Studies". Abstracts of Sikh Studies. 3 (3). Chandigarh, India: Institute of Sikh Studies: 54. 2001.
  3. ^ Singh, Dr Kuldip. Akal Takht Ate Khalsa Panth. Chandigarh. p. 2. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  4. ^ Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (1980). The Akal Takht. Jalandhar: Sikh University Press.
  5. ^ "The Sikh Review". The Sikh Review. 50 (577–588). Calcutta: Sikh Cultural Centre: 29. 2002.
  6. ^ Phyllis G. Jestice (2004). Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 345, 346. ISBN 9781576073551.
  7. ^ Dhillon, Dalbir Singh (1988). Sikhism, Origin and Development. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 113.
  8. ^ Dhillon, Dalbir Singh (1988). Sikhism, Origin and Development. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. pp. 114–115.
  9. ^ a b Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair (2013). Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed. A & C Black. p. 48. ISBN 9781441117083.
  10. ^ Singh, Nidr (1998). The Fighting Traditions and Fighting Arts of the Traditional Sikh Warriors the Beloved of Guru Gobind Singh Ji the Akali Nihangs (PDF) (2nd ed.). Budha Dal and Tarna Dal. pp. 8–9.
  11. ^ Hari Ram Gupta. History of the Sikhs:The Sikhs Gurus (1469-1708). Munshilal Manohorlal 1994. p. 164.
  12. ^ a b Gurbilas Patashahi 6 Chapter 14
  13. ^ Singh, Fauja (1975). Guru Tegh Bahadur: Martyr and teacher. Publication Bureau Punjabi university, PATIALA. p. 10.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1909). The Sikh Religion, its gurus, sacred writings and authors, Vol 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Wikisource
  15. ^ Gandhi 2007, pp. 534–536.
  16. ^ Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 19
  17. ^ Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 19
  18. ^ Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 19
  19. ^ Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 20
  20. ^ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1909). Sikh Religion Vol.4. pp. 185–186.
  21. ^ Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 20
  22. ^ Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 19
  23. ^ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 820-821. ISBN 9788126908585.
  24. ^ Gurbilas Patashahi 6 Chapter 20
  25. ^ Suraj Granth Raas 8
  26. ^ Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 20
  27. ^ Suraj Granth Raas 8
  28. ^ Gurbilas Patashahi 6 Chapter 20
  29. ^ a b Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 542–543. ISBN 9788126908585.
  30. ^ Nayyar,Gurbachan Singh (1995). The Sikhs in Ferment, Battle of the Sikh Gurus
  31. ^ Dhillon, Darbir Singh (1988). Sikhism, Origin and Development. p. 123.
  32. ^ History Of The Sikh Gurus - A Comprehensive Study. p. 319.
  33. ^ a b Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha (1997). The Sikh reference book. Internet Archive. Edmonton, Alb., Canada : Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark ; Amritsar : Available from Singh Bros. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-9695964-2-4.
  34. ^ Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha (1997). The Sikh reference book. Internet Archive. Edmonton, Alb., Canada : Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark ; Amritsar : Available from Singh Bros. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-9695964-2-4.
  35. ^ Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha (1997). The Sikh reference book. Internet Archive. Edmonton, Alb., Canada : Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark ; Amritsar : Available from Singh Bros. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-9695964-2-4.
  36. ^ History Of The Sikh Gurus - A Comprehensive Study. p. 319.
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