List of marine vertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay

From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with List of marine invertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay.

Astronaut photo of Cape Town showing the Cape Peninsula, and surrounding waters, including False Bay.
Map showing approximate extent of the range of the article and identifying key locations and the borders of the Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area
Marine ecoregions of the South African exclusive economic zone
Marine species distribution reference map of the Southern African coastline, showing key range locations

The list of marine vertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay is a list of marine and shore-based vertebrate animal species that form a part of the fauna of South Africa and that have been recorded from this geographical range. In some cases they are an important part of the local ecological community, and others may have been passing through, or were carried out of their natural ranges by the vagaries of ocean currents or winds. Some of the animals are deep within their range of endemism, or near its borders, while others are cosmopolitan or recently arrived aliens. This list includes animals which live entirely marine lives, or which spend critical parts of their lives at sea, or rely on the sea or intertidal shore for the major part of their diet.

The geographical range is from Bloubergstrand at the north of Table Bay to Cape Hangklip, the south eastern limit of False Bay, in the Western Cape province of South Africa and includes the Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area (TMNP MPA),[1] the Helderberg Marine Protected Area, and part of the Robben Island Marine Protected Area.

Most of the shore is within the City of Cape Town, except for a section of the east coast of False Bay, south of Kogel Bay, which is in the Overstrand Local Municipality

The region is near to several universities and research institutions in Cape Town and Stellenbosch, which has led to many studies of the organisms and of the marine ecology, particularly those organisms that are easily or incidentally collected. The popularity of these waters for recreational diving has led to an increase in reported underwater photographic observations in recent years.[2]

Fishes[edit]

Main article: Fish

Agnatha – jawless fishes (cyclostomes)[edit]

Main article: Agnatha

Order Myxiniformes – hagfishes
Family: Myxinidae

Gnathostomata – jawed fishes[edit]

Main article: Gnathostomata

Chondrichthyes – cartilaginous fishes[edit]

Main article: Chondrichthyes

Elasmobranchii – sharks and rays
Order Myliobatiformes – stingrays
Family Myliobatidae – eagle rays

Order Rajiformes – rays, skates and guitarfish[edit]

Family Dasyatidae – stingrays

Family Rajidae – skates

Family Rhinobatidae – guitarfish

Order Torpediniformes – electric rays
Family Narkidae

Family Torpedinidae

Order Carcharhiniformes – ground sharks[edit]

Family Carcharhinidae – requiem sharks

Family Scyliorhinidae – catsharks

Family Sphyrnidae – hammerhead sharks

Family Triakidae – houndsharks

Order Hexanchiformes – cow and frill sharks[edit]

Family Hexanchidae – cow sharks

Order Lamniformes – mackerel sharks[edit]

Family Alopiidae – thresher sharks

  • Thintail thresher, Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (throughout SA waters, more common in southern part)[4][5]

Family Cetorhinidae – basking sharks

Family Lamnidae – mackerel sharks

Family Mitsukurinidae – goblin sharks

Family Odontaspididae

  • Ragged-tooth shark or spotted ragged-tooth shark, Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810 (Cape Point to Mozambique)[3][4][19][5] also reported as syn. Eugomphodus taurus (Rafinesque, 1810)

Family Pseudocarchariidae – crocodile sharks

Order Orectolobiformes – carpet sharks[edit]

Family Rhincodontidae – whale sharks

Order Pristiophoriformes – sawsharks[edit]

Family Pristiophoridae

Order Squaliformes – dogfish sharks[edit]

Family Echinorhinidae – bramble sharks

Family Etmopteridae

Family Squalidae – dogfishes

Holocephali – chimaeras[edit]

Main article: Chimaera
Order Chimaeriformes[edit]

Family Callorhinchidae – elephantfish

Family Chimaeridae – chimaeras

Family Rhinochimaeridae – longnose chimaeras

Class Actinopterygii – ray finned fishes[edit]

Main article: Actinopterygii
Order Acanthuriformes[edit]

Family: Chaetodontidae – butterflyfishes[21]

Family Luvaridae – louvar[24]

Order: Acropomatiformes[edit]

Family: Champsodontidae – Gapers[25]

Family: Epigonidae – cardinal fishes (see also Apogonidae)[26]

Family: Howellidae – lanternbellies[27]

Family: Pentacerotidae – armourheads[29]

Family: Polyprionidae – wreckfishes[30]

Family: Scombropidae – gnomefishes[31]

Order Anguilliformes – eels[edit]

Family Anguillidae – freshwater eels

Family Congridae – conger eels

Family Derichthyidae – longneck eels

Family Nemichthyidae – snipe eels

Family: Nettastomatidae – witch eels

Family Ophichthidae – snake-eels and worm-eels

Family Serrivomeridae – sawtooth eels

Family Synaphobranchidae – cutthroat eels

Order Ateleopodiformes[edit]

Family Ateleopodidae – tadpole fishes

Order Atheriniformes[edit]

Family Atherinidae – silversides

Order Aulopiformes[edit]

Family Alepisauridae – lancetfishes

Family Bathysauropsidae

Family Chlorophthalmidae – greeneyes

Family Evermannellidae – sabretooth fishes

  • Coccorella atlantica (Parr, 1928) (central water areas of all 3 major oceans; off western and south-western Cape coast, 1 specimen from 31°34'S, 30°09'E)[4][47]

Family Ipnopidae

Family Notosudidae – notosudids

Family Paralepididae – barracudinas

Family Scopelarchidae – pearleyes

Family Synodontidae

Order Batrachoidiformes[edit]

Family Batrachoididae – toadfishes

Order Beloniformes[edit]

Family Exocoetidae – flyingfishes

Family Hemiramphidae – halfbeaks

  • Ribbon halfbeak, Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt, 1823) (reported from Table Bay, also known from Algoa Bay and Kei River mouth, tropical and temperate waters of Indo-Pacific)[4]
  • Cape halfbeak, Hyporhamphus capensis (Thominot, 1886) (False Bay to southern Mozambique))[3][4]

Family Belonidae – needlefishes

Family Scomberesocidae – sauries

  • Dwarf saury, Scomberesox simulans (Hubbs & Wisner, 1980), recorded as syn. Nanichthys simulans Hubbs and Wisner, 1980 (off the Cape up the west coast, warm temperate waters of the Atlantic and southern Indian oceans)[4]
Order Beryciformes[edit]

Family Berycidae – berycids

Family Monocentridae – pineapple fishes

  • Pineapple fish, Japanese pineapple fish, Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782) (Indo-West Pacific and Red Sea south to Mossel Bay)[4](Recorded from False Bay on at least two occasions)[6][23]

Family Trachichthyidae – slimeheads

Order Blenniiformes[edit]

Family Blenniidae – blennies

Family Clinidae – klipfishes

Family Tripterygiidae – threefin blennies or triplefins

Order Callionymiformes[edit]

Family Callionymidae – dragonets[68]

Order Carangiformes[edit]

Family: Carangidae – kingfishes

Family: Coryphaenidae – dolphinfish or dorades

Family: Echeneidae – remoras[70]

Family: Istiophoridae – sailfish, spearfishes and marlins[71]

Family: Rachycentridae – cobia[72]

Family: Xiphiidae – Swordfishes[73]

Order Centrarchiformes[edit]

Family: Cheilodactylidae – fingerfins[74]

Family: Dichistiidae – galjoens

Family: Kyphosidae – sea chubs[76]

Family: Oplegnathidae – knifejaws[77]

Family: Parascorpididae – jutjaw

Order Clupeiformes[edit]

Family Clupeidae – herrings, sardines and pilchards

Family Dussumieriidae

Family Ehiravidae

Family Engraulidae – anchovies

Order Elopiformes[edit]

Family Elopidae – ladyfishes

  • Atlantic ladyfish, Elops lacerta Valenciennes, 1846 (Atlantic coast to 23°S)[4]
Order Eupercaria incertae sedis[edit]

Family: Callanthiidae – goldies

Family: Emmelichthyidae – rovers[82]

Family: Haemulidae – rubberlips and grunters[83]

Family: Malacanthidae – tilefishes[85]

Family: Monodactylidae – moonies[86]

Family: Sciaenidae – kobs[87]

Family: Sparidae – seabreams

Order Gadiformes[edit]

Family: Bregmacerotidae – codlets

Family Gadidae – cods

Family Macrouridae – grenadiers

Family Melanonidae – melanonids

  • Pelagic cod, Melanonus gracilis Günther, 1878 (circum-Antarctic south of Subtropical convergence; off Cape Peninsula)[4][97]

Family Merlucciidae – hakes

Family Moridae – deepsea cods

Order Gobiesociformes[edit]

Family Gobiesocidae – clingfishes[102]

Order Gobiiformes[edit]

Family: Gobiidae – gobies[103]

Subfamily Gobiinae

Order Gonorynchiformes[edit]

Family Gonorynchidae – beaked sandfish

Order Lampriformes[edit]

Family Lampridae – opahs

  • Spotted opah, Jerusalem haddock, moonfish, Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788) (all oceans but not in polar waters, occurs throughout South African waters, usually well offshore)[4][104]
  • Southern opah, Lampris immaculatus Gilchrist, 1904 (circumglobal south of 30°S)[4]

Family Lophotidae – crestfishes

  • Unicorn crestfish, Eumecichthys fiski (Günther, 1890) (1 specimen, Kalk Bay in False Bay)[4]
  • Crestfish, Lophotus lacepede Giorna, 1809 (Cape to Plettenberg Bay, rare but widely distributed in all oceans)[4]

Family Radiicephalidae – tapertails

Family Regalecidae – oarfishes

Family Trachipteridae – ribbonfishes

Family Ceratiidae – seadevils

  • Deepsea angler, twoclub angler, Ceratias holboelli Krøyer, 1845 (single specimen off Cape Town at 34°12'S, 16°35'E; nearly cosmopolitan in the world's oceans)[4][106]
  • Ceratias tentaculatus (Norman, 1930) (off Saldanha Bay, off southern Natal, off Delagoa Bay and throughout southern oceans)[4]
  • Triplewart seadevil, Cryptopsaras couesii Gill, 1883 (off Cape of Good Hope, all major oceans)[4][107]

Family Himantolophidae – footballfish

Family Melanocetidae – devil-anglers

Order Lophiiformes[edit]

Family Antennariidae – anglers

Family Lophiidae – monks[109]

  • Blackmouth angler, Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797) (Indo-West Pacific south to False Bay)[4][110]
  • Monkfish, devil anglerfish, Lophius vomerinus (Valenciennes, 1837), syn. Lophius upsicephalus (off Cape of Good Hope; eastern South Atlantic and south western Indian Ocean off South Africa; Bay of Bengal off Burma)[4][111] also recorded as Lophius sp.[23]
Order Mugiliformes[edit]

Family Mugilidae[112]

Order Myctophiformes[edit]

Family Myctophidae – lanternfishes

  • Bolinichthys supralateralis (Parr, 1928) (off Cape Peninsula and in Agulgas current; Atlantic (40°N – 02°S and 32° to 40°S); Indian Ocean (21° – 30°S); west coast of Australia and near Hawaii)[4]
  • Diaphus effulgens (Goode and Bean, 1896) (off all SA coasts)[4]
  • Diaphus mollis Tåning, 1928 (off all SA coasts, broadly tropical distribution in all major oceans)[4]
  • Diaphus taaningi Norman, 1930 (over west coast continental shelf/slope southward to 24°S. Amphitropical species in Atlantic (western sector); tropical waters to 42°N; eastern sector: southward from Mauretanian upwelling region to South African region)[4]
  • Electrona risso (Cocco, 1829) (off east and west coasts of South Africa. Widespread in Atlantic (55°N – 40°S), Mediterranean, Indian Ocean (0° – 40°S), Tasman sea and Cook Strait, and eastern Pacific (42°N – 20°S))[4]
  • Gonichthys barnesi Whitley, 1943 (off east and west coasts, south of 30°S. Convergence species in all 3 oceans (30° – 40°S))[4]
  • Gymnoscopelus braueri (Lönnberg, 1905) (circumglobal between Subtropical convergence and Antarctica)[4]
  • Hygophum hanseni (Tåning, 1932) (from 30°S on west coast to 33°S on east coast. Convergence species (30° to 43°S) in all 3 oceans)[4]
  • Hygophum hygomii (Lütken, 1892) (west of Cape Peninsula and off east coast (25° – 37°S))[4]
  • Hygophum proximum Bekker, 1965) (south to about 37°S in Agulhas current; Indian Ocean (25°N – 10°S))[4]
  • Lampadena notialis Nafpaktitis and Paxton, 1968 (Off east coast and Cape Peninsula; convergence species in all 3 oceans)[4]
  • Mirror lampfish, mirror lanternfish, Lampadena speculigera Goode and Bean, 1896 (off west and southeast coasts. Atlantic (66° – 35°N and 35° – 45°S), Indian Ocean (30° to 45°S) and Pacific Ocean (30° – 45°S))[4][114]
  • Hector's lanternfish, Lampanyctodes hectoris (Günther, 1876), (TMNP MPA).[23]
  • Lampanyctus alatus Goode and Bean, 1896 (off all South African coasts; Atlantic (46°N – 38°S), Indian Ocean (0° – 39°S)[4]
  • Southern lanternfish, Lampanyctus australis Tåning, 1932 (off all South African coasts; circumglobal convergence species (33° – 43°S with northern extension to about 27°S in eastern boundary currents))[4][115]
  • Lampanyctus festivus Tåning, 1928 (off all South African coasts. Atlantic(53° – 18°N and 28° – 40°S with northern extension to 12°S in Benguela current and Indo-West Pacific.)[4]
  • Lampanyctus lepidolychnus Bekker, 1967 (off all South African coasts, circumglobal convergence species (23° – 48°S))[4]
  • Rakery beaconlamp, Lampanyctus macdonaldi (Goode and Bean, 1896) (west of Cape Peninsula, circumglobal between subtropical convergence and Antarctic polar front)[4][116]
  • Lampanyctus pusillus (Johnson, 1890) (off all South African coasts. Bisubtropical species in all major oceans)[4]
  • Lampichthys procerus (Brauer, 1904) (off Cape Peninsula, circumglobal convergence species (32° – 48°S) with extensions into lower latitudes in eastern boundary currents)[4]
  • Lobianchia dofleini (Zugmayer, 1911) (off all South African coasts. Mediterranean, Atlantic (50°N – 40°S), Indian Ocean (23° – 38°S), Tasman sea and south Pacific(region of subtropical convergence))[4]
  • Lobianchia gemellarii (Cocco, 1838) (off all South African coasts, worldwide in tropical/subtropical waters)[4]
  • Metelectrona ventralis (Bekker, 1063) (west of Cape Peninsula in southern Benguela upwelling region; circumglobal subantarctic species (36°-51°S))[4]
  • Myctophum phengodes (Lütken, 1892) (off all South African coasts)[4]
  • Myctophum selenops Tåning, 1928 (west of Cape peninsula in Agulhas water pockets)[4]
  • Nannobrachium atrum (Tåning, 1928), syn. Lampanyctus ater (off all South African coasts; Atlantic (58° – 17°N and 15° – 40°S) and Indian Ocean (12° – 44°S))[4][117]
  • Notolychnus valdiviae (Brauer, 1904) (off all South African coasts)[4]
  • Patchwork lampfish, Notoscopelus resplendens (Richardson, 1845) (off all South African coasts)[4][118]
  • Protomyctophum normani Tåning, 1932 (once west of Slangkop lighthouse; circumglobal convergence species (36° – 43°S))[4]
  • Scopelopsis multipunctatus Brauer, 1906 (off all South African coasts)[4]
  • Symbolophorus barnardi (Tåning, 1932) (off all South African coasts)[4]
Order Notacanthiformes[edit]

Family Halosauridae – halosaurs

Family Notacanthidae – spiny eels

Order Ophidiiformes[edit]

Family Aphyonidae – aphyonids

Family Bythitidae – bythitids or brotulas

Family Ophidiidae – cuskeels

Order Osmeriformes[edit]

Family Alepocephalidae – slickheads

Family Opisthoproctidae – barreleyes

Family Microstomatidae

Family Bathylagidae

  • Melanolagus bericoides (Borodin, 1929) recorded as syn. Bathylagus bericoides (Borodin, 1929) (off Cape Town, throughout tropical and subtropical seas)[4][129]
Order Ovalentaria incertae sedis[edit]

Family: Pseudochromidae – dottybacks Subfamily: Congrogadinae – snakelets

Order Perciformes[edit]

Suborder: Cottoidei[130]

Family: Psychrolutidae – fatheads

Family: Liparidae – snailfishes

Suborder Percoidei[132]

Suborder Serranoidei[133]

Family: Serranidae – rockcods (groupers) and seabasses

Subfamily: Epinephelinae

Subfamily: Serraninae

Suborder Scorpaenoidei

Family: Congiopodidae – horsefishes

Family: Scorpaenidae

Family: Sebastidae

Family: Tetrarogidae – waspfishes[136]

Family: Triglidae – gurnards[137]

Suborder: Uranoscopoidei[139]

Family: Ammodytidae – Sandlances[140]

Family: Uranoscopidae – Stargazers

Suborder: Zoarcoidei

Family: Zoarcidae – Eelpouts

Order Pleuronectiformes[edit]

Family Cynoglossidae

Family Soleidae – soles

Order Saccopharyngiformes[edit]

Family Cyematidae – arrow eels

Order Scombriformes[edit]

Family: Ariommatidae

Family: Bramidae – pomfrets[144]

Family: Caristiidae

Family: Centrolophidae – Ruffs

  • Black ruff, Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789) (Temperate waters of Australia, New Zealand, South America and South Africa, also North Atlantic and Mediterranean)[4]
  • Antarctic butterfish, Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Carmichael, 1818) (Temperate waters; islands of south Atlantic and southern Indian oceans; New Zealand, southern Australia and South Africa)[4]
  • Schedophilus huttoni (Waite, 1910) (Circumglobal in southern ocean, taken off Cape Town, common off Namibia)[4]
  • Black butterfish or peregrine driftfish, Schedophilus velaini (Sauvage, 1879) (Gulf of Guinea, to South Africa)[4](syn. Hyperoglyphe moselii (Cunningham, 1910))
  • Flabby driftfish, Tubbia tasmanica Whitley, 1943 (Temperate waters of Southern Ocean; New Zealand, Tasmania and South Africa off Natal)[4]

Family: Chiasmodontidae – Swallowers[146]

Family: Gempylidae – snake mackerels[147]

Family: Nomeidae – Driftfishes[148]

Family: Pomatomidae – elf[149]

Family: Scombridae – tunas, mackerels and bonitos[150]

Subfamily: Gasterochismatinae

Subfamily: Scombrinae

Family: Stromateidae

Family: Tetragonuridae – Squaretails

Family: Trichiuridae – frostfishes[151]

  • Buttersnoek, Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788) (Mediterranean, eastern Atlantic from Norway to South Africa, Australia and new Zealand)[4]
  • Cutlass fish, Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate waters)[4]
Order Siluriformes – catfishes[edit]

Family Ariidae – sea catfishes

Order Stomiiformes[edit]

Family Gonostomatidae – bristlemouths

Family Phosichthyidae – lightfishes

  • Ichthyococcus australis Mukhacheva, 1980 (circumglobal in subtropical convergence region of southern hemisphere with records between 30° and 40°S in Atlantic sector of our region)[4]
  • Slender lightfish Vinciguerria attenuata (Cocco, 1838) (off Cape Point; all 3 major oceans)[4][154]

Family Sternoptychidae – hatchetfishes

Family: Stomiidae

Order Syngnathiformes[edit]

Family Centriscidae – snipefishes and shrimpfishes

Family Fistulariidae – flutemouths

  • Serrate flutemouth, Fistularia petimba Lacepède, 1803 (Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific oceans; east coast of Africa south to Mossel Bay; also reported from Walvis Bay and False Bay)[4]

Family Syngnathidae – seahorses and pipefishes

Order Tetraodontiformes[edit]

Family Diodontidae

Family Molidae[165]

Family Ostraciidae

Family Tetraodontidae – puffers

Order Zeiformes[edit]

Family Oreosomatidae

Family Zeidae

Reptiles[edit]

Main article: Reptile

Mostly vagrant turtles and the occasional sea snake.

Family Dermochelyidae

Family Cheloniidae

Family Elapidae

Birds[edit]

Main article: Bird

As of 2022, 39 species of seabirds and shorebirds are known to use the marine protected area.

12 species of seabird nest in the TMNP MPA, six of these are endemic to the region. Four of the endemics are listed as endangered, one is near threatened, and one is of least concern.

Order Charadriiformes[edit]

Family: Charadriidae

Family Laridae

Family Scolopacidae

Family Stercorariidae

Order Ciconiiformes[edit]

Family Ardeidae

Order Pelecaniformes[edit]

Family Anhingidae

Family Pelecanidae

Family Threskiornithidae

Order Phoenicopteriformes[edit]

Family Phoenicopteridae

Order Procellariiformes[edit]

Family Diomedeidae

Family Procellaridae

Family Hydrobatidae

Order Sphenisciformes – Penguins[edit]

Family: Spheniscidae

Order Suliformes[edit]

Family Sulidae – gannets and boobies

  • Cape gannet, Morus capensis (Lichtenstein, 1823), (Breeding: three islands off Namibia and three islands off South Africa. Otherwise: coastal waters off the Gulf of Guinea to Mozambique) Endangered.[3][167]

Family: Phalacrocoracidae – Cormorants

Mammals[edit]

Main article: Mammal

Order Carnivora[edit]

Family Mustelidae – weasels and others

Subfamily Lutrinae – otters

Infraorder Pinnipedia – seals[edit]

Family Otariidae – eared seals

Family Phocidae – true seals

Order Cetartiodactyla[edit]

Infraorder Cetacea[edit]

Superfamily Mysticeti – baleen whales[171]

Family Balaenidae – right whales

  • Southern right whale, Eubalaena australis Desmoulins, 1822 (pelagic, Southern Ocean, winters along the South African coast from central Namibia to southern Mozambique )[3][170]

Family Balaenopteridae – rorquals

Family Neobalaenidae

Superfamily Odontoceti

Family Delphinidae – oceanic dolphins

Geographical position of places mentioned in species ranges[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "South African National Parks – SANParks – Official Website – Accommodation, Activities, Prices, Reservations". sanparks.org. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  2. ^ a b Kock, Alison; Stanbridge, Debbie; Brink, Rene; Holness, Stephen; Harris, Linda; Gardner, Kathryn; van Wilgen-Bredenkamp, Nicola; Mayekiso, Sisanda; Jones, Georgina. Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – State of Knowledge Report March 2022 (PDF). Internal Report 01 / 2022 (Report). Pretoria: Scientific Services, South African National Parks. Chapter 8: Research and monitoring.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo Branch, G.M., Branch, M.L, Griffiths, C.L. and Beckley, L.E (2005): Two Oceans: a guide to the marine life of southern Africa ISBN 0-86486-672-0
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pj pk pl pm pn po pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px py pz qa qb qc qd qe qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn qo qp qq Ed. Smith, Margaret M, and Heemstra, P. Smith's sea fishes. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown. Struik publishers, Cape Town, 2003.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au Kock, Alison; Stanbridge, Debbie; Brink, Rene; Holness, Stephen; Harris, Linda; Gardner, Kathryn; van Wilgen-Bredenkamp, Nicola; Mayekiso, Sisanda; Jones, Georgina. Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – State of Knowledge Report March 2022 (PDF). Internal Report 01 / 2022 (Report). Pretoria: Scientific Services, South African National Parks. Appendix II, Table 3: Sharks and rays.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Zsilavecz, Guido, Coastal Fishes of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay: A Divers' Identification Guide. SURG, Cape Town, 2005. ISBN 0-620-34230-7
  7. ^ a b c d e f King, D. & Fraser, V. More Reef Fishes and Nudibranchs Struik, Cape Town 2001. ISBN 1-86872-686-X
  8. ^ "Dasyatis thetidis Ogilby, 1899". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  9. ^ "Dipturus pullopunctatus (Smith, 1964)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  10. ^ "Rajella caudaspinosa (von Bonde & Swart, 1923)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  11. ^ "Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  12. ^ "Rajella ravidula (Hulley, 1970)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  13. ^ "Amblyraja hyperborea (Collett, 1879)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  14. ^ "Malacoraja spinacidermis (Barnard, 1923)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
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  26. ^ "Epigonidae Poey, 1861". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
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  29. ^ "Pentacerotidae Bleeker, 1859". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  30. ^ "Polyprionidae Bleeker, 1874". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  31. ^ "Scombropidae Gill, 1862". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
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  36. ^ "Avocettina acuticeps". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  37. ^ "Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson, 1848". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  38. ^ "Venefica proboscidea (Vaillant, 1888)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  39. ^ "Ophichthus serpentinus". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
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  41. ^ "Diastobranchus capensis Barnard, 1923". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  42. ^ "Simenchelys parasitica Gill, 1879". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  43. ^ "Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  44. ^ "Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  45. ^ "Bathysauropsis gracilis". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  46. ^ "Chlorophthalmus punctatus". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  47. ^ "Coccorella atlantica (Parr, 1928)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  48. ^ "Bathypterois filiferus Gilchrist, 1906". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  49. ^ "Bathypterois phenax Parr, 1928". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  50. ^ "Ipnops agassizii Garman, 1899". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  51. ^ "Scopelosaurus ahlstromi Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  52. ^ "Scopelosaurus hamiltoni (Waite, 1916)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  53. ^ "Scopelosaurus herwigi". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  54. ^ "Scopelosaurus meadi". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  55. ^ "Lestidiops jayakari jayakari (Boulenger, 1889)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  56. ^ "Macroparalepis affinis Ege, 1933". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  57. ^ "Magnisudis prionosa (Rofen, 1963)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  58. ^ "Arctozenus risso (Bonaparte, 1840)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  59. ^ "Sudis hyalina Rafinesque, 1810". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  60. ^ "Benthalbella infans Zugmayer, 1911". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  61. ^ "Lagiacrusichthys macropinna (Bussing & Bussing, 1966)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  62. ^ "Benthalbella macropinna Bussing & Bussing, 1966". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  63. ^ "Scopelarchus analis (Brauer, 1902)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  64. ^ "Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  65. ^ "Chatrabus felinus". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  66. ^ "Cheilopogon altipennis (Valenciennes, 1847)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  67. ^ "Pavoclinus caeruleopunctatus Zsilavecz, 2001". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  68. ^ "Callionymidae Bonaparte, 1831". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  69. ^ "Coryphaenidae Rafinesque, 1815". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  70. ^ "Echeneidae Rafinesque, 1810". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  71. ^ "Istiophoridae Rafinesque, 1815". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  72. ^ "Rachycentridae Gill, 1896". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  73. ^ "Xiphiidae Rafinesque, 1815". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
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  78. ^ "Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  79. ^ "Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  80. ^ "Etrumeus whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  81. ^ "Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
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  86. ^ "Monodactylidae Jordan & Evermann, 1898". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  87. ^ "Sciaenidae Cuvier, 1829". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  88. ^ "Spicara axillare (Boulenger, 1900)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species.
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  90. ^ "Bregmaceros mcclellandi Thompson, 1840". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  91. ^ "Coelorinchus acanthiger Barnard, 1925". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  92. ^ "Coelorinchus braueri Barnard, 1925". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  93. ^ "Coryphaenoides armatus (Hector, 1875)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  94. ^ "Kuronezumia leonis (Barnard, 1925)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  95. ^ "Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe, 1843)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  96. ^ "Trachyrincus scabrus (Rafinesque, 1810)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
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