Chills
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 | This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. (September 2019) |  |
| Chills | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
Chills is a feeling of coldness occurring during a high fever, but sometimes is also a common symptom which occurs alone in specific people. It occurs during fever due to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins as part of the inflammatory response, which increases the set point for body temperature in the hypothalamus. The increased set point causes the body temperature to rise (pyrexia), but also makes the patient feel cold or chills until the new set point is reached. Shivering also occurs along with chills because the patient's body produces heat during muscle contraction in a physiological attempt to increase body temperature to the new set point.[1] When it does not accompany a high fever, it is normally a light chill.
Sometimes a chill of medium power and short duration may occur during a scare, especially in scares of fear, commonly interpreted like or confused by trembling.
Severe chills with violent shivering are called rigors.
Pathophysiology
[edit]Chills occur when the hypothalamic temperature set point is suddenly elevated.[2] This could occur due to several causes, including tissue destruction, pyrogenic substances, or dehydration.[2] Due to the body temperature being below the new set point, body mechanisms of raising body temperature, including vasoconstriction, and shivering ensue.[2] The person experiences this period as extreme cold, even though they might have a body temperature higher than normal.[2] As the body temperature rises and reaches the new set point, chills stop and the person feels neither hot nor cold.[2] If the factor causing the high temperature is then removed, the hypothalamic set point decreases, but the body temperature is still higher than it. This then triggers the body cooling mechanisms to reduce the body temperature to the new set point, and is experienced as severe sweating, and hot skin due to vasodilation. This phase of the febrile state is known as the "crisis", or the "flush".[2]
Causes
[edit]Chills are commonly caused by inflammatory diseases, such as influenza.[3][better source needed] Malaria is one of the common reasons for chills and rigors. In malaria, the parasites enter the liver, grow there and then attack the red blood cells which causes rupture of these cells and release of a toxic substance hemozoin which causes chills recurring every 3 to 4 days. Sometimes they happen in specific people almost all the time, mildly, or it less commonly happens in a generally healthy person.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Huether, Sue E. (2014). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (7th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 498. ISBN 978-0323293754.
- ^ a b c d e f Hall, John E.; Hall, Michael E.; Guyton, Arthur C. (2021). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (14th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. p. 910. ISBN 978-0-323-59712-8.
- ^ Stan Tian (2015-04-30). "The Main Flu Symptoms Fever, Aches and Chills". Healthguidance.org. Retrieved 2016-05-12.